The Impact Of Telemedicine On Health, A Systematic...

Introduction To evaluate and study the impact of telemedicine in health, a systematic literature review was conducted. An electronic research through the University of Maryland library was done the articles selected dated from 2000 to 2014. A total of 12 articles was reviewed that dealt with clinical outcomes, efficacy, patient and provider satisfaction. Telemedicine as an emerging field can greatly improve the outcomes of healthcare thus resulting in decrease the delivery cost of healthcare. While the results of the studies are inconclusive on some of the areas, there are some strong supports for patient satisfaction. The literature reviews cost effectiveness, provider satisfaction, patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.†¦show more content†¦Several managed care organizations were represented. All of the organizations interviewed indicated that there is a market demand for complementary and alternative medicine such as Telemedicine. The study showed that while cost and clinical e fficacy were important, both of these were less important than market demand. This unexpected result show that consumer demands are actually more important in shaping the demand for telemedicine and should be used to pursue development of telemedicine among healthcare providers that will essentially lead to better reimbursement from health insurance companies (Whitten and Kuwahara, 2003). Whitten and Kuwara states that payers must answer both patients need and suppliers concerns of telemedicine cost Methods and Organization of the Report. Qualitative reports on 12 peer reviewed articles were researched through the University of Maryland to get information on the cost effectiveness, clinical efficacy, individual and provider satisfaction. The 12 articles printed dates ranged from 200 and 2014. The articles represented articles that have been published on the topic of telemedicine subject in various areas. The review articles began with searching the database looking for articles o n telemedicine and found a possible 100 articles on the topic and were narrowed down to just a few dozen that fit the standards the matter was searching for. Review of the

Racial Segregation Of The United States - 1508 Words

We have issues. More specifically the United States has issues, continuous and all encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist violence—the most recent lynching-related death occurred in 1981, hardly a lifetime ago, when Michael Donald was hanged by two members of the Ku Klux Klan.The United States, however, continues to avoid its history on race, refusing to confront its past in a â€Å"post-racial,† â€Å"colorblind† society, and that policy of systemic ignorance is particularly strong when mention of racial equality is brought up. Although the concept of equality has never truly existed in this world, as can be traced back to very beginning s of recorded history we see the nobles ruling the commoners, conquerors reigning over the conquered, the will of man dominating women, the United States needs to acknowledge the fact that racial inequality still exists within our country and has in no way progressed towards betterment. Of Mice and Men penned by John Steinbeck and published in 1937 analyzes equality and it’s facets within the themes of dreams (the American Dream), prejudice, weakness, and violence. Ushering in the true beginnings of realism, his story follows twoShow MoreRelatedRacial Segregation And The United States2133 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States, inequalities are an unfortunate evil that resonate throughout low-income individuals and minorities. Though these problems are sometimes viewed as coincidences, in the past and even in the present, there have been legislation put in place that have negatively affected specific populations in the US. Because of the injustices in the system socially constructed ideologies about race, ethnicity, and poverty, and our lacking health care system, many people experience inequalitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2215 Words   |  9 Pages Racial segregation has been embedded in southern society ever since the birth of the America. However, even though documents such as Brown vs. Board of Education and the fourteenth amendment has been instituted into the constitution, we are still facing racial segregation throughout America that is unconstitutional and unjust. The south of America, especially Alabama, are facing several claims of racial tension in their prison system and their way to solve the tension between the black and whiteRead MoreRacial Segregation Within The United States780 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Simil arly, Reardon and colleagues conclude that residential segregation by income level occursRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States Essay2136 Words   |  9 Pagesbackground. Social collaboration is what comes of such a divided racial community. Society has been tainted and brainwashed to believe people are defined by the color of their skin, which cause separation and borders to be created. Ethnicity and race are both socially constructed. Ethnicity has entities of race, however, it has more of a broad arena, ethnicity is made up of religion, nationality, heritage, and cultural practices. One racial group can contain a plethora of ethnicities. Demographics inRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended state and local laws that involved segregation, prohibiting legal discrimination based on ethnicity, color, race, sex, and religion. Now, after much time has passed, people can pose the question: how prominent is segregation in today’s society? In particular, Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, poses interesting dynamics concerning this question. For one, the city consistently has high crime and murder rates in specific areas, while other partsRead MoreHow Racism Became A Problem Today1123 Words   |  5 Pagesrarely do we choose to act upon what we see. The United States may have come a long way to completing Martin Luther King Jr s dream, but our biases are still a prominent issue today. In this country every race and every gender has a say in the government. The Emancipation proclamation and abolishing segregation are only a few of the many steps toward a truly equal country. America has made great strides to gain racial equality, but we still hold racial prejudice and negative stereotypes. Because ofRead MoreRacism : A Deeply Ingrained Problem1114 Words   |  5 Pagesrarely do we choose to act upon what we see. The United States may have come a long way to completing Martin Luther King Jr s dream, but our biases are still a prominent issue today. In this country every race and every gender has a say in the government. The Emancipation proclamation and abolishing segregation are only a few of the many steps toward a truly equal country. America has made great strides to gain racial equality, but we still hold racial prejudice and negative stereotypes. Because ofRead MoreThe Slavery Of Blacks Between The 16th And 19th Century Essay1854 Words   |  8 PagesEra in the United States. The Jim Crow era started almost immediately after slavery was abolished in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment, passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, in 1865. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in states of the former Confederate States of AmericaRead More21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race?1642 Words à ‚  |  7 Pages21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race? Racial segregation was a concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where oneRead MorePlessy V. Ferguson And Brown V Board Of Education1359 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer to these questions. Racism is still alive in the United States, but it is not as severe and oppressive as it was during the era of the Jim Crow laws. The 13th amendment freed the slaves in the United States, however, not many white Americans agreed with this. The 13th amendment did not shield the African Americans from oppression, â€Å"The segregation and disenfranchisement laws known as ‘Jim Crow’ represented a formal, codified system of racial apartheid that dominated the American South for three

Conflict Resolution and Change-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an Essay on the most significant Professional Challenge you have faced in your current, or former, job and how you overcame it. Answer: I am expressing my interest to apply for the Negotiation and Conflict Resolution in the University of Columbia (Wallenstein, 2015). It is considered to be an interesting subject because the program incorporates the commitment to interaction, methods which are dialogue based and also managing the conflict based on resolution. The program would be taught in the form of theories and would also help students to develop the practical models in terms of resolving the disputes, establish a stage to develop and share dialogues and forging the relationships (Wallenstein, 2015). The program aims to help student to grow a mindset and make aware of the diverse populations throughout different settings in the country. In my profession, jobs have taught me certain lifestyles that helped me to develop such critical mindset which could help me to frame out the different tasks and solve difficulties accordingly (Nimer, 2012; Columbia.edu. 2017).The work experience from Deloitte Touche Singapore where I worked in this sector and accordingly developed the skills which includes performing analytical reviews in financials which further includes examining the trends of the market in order to corroborate financial performance (Nimer, 2012; Columbia.edu. 2017). Gained experience in managing, planning and performing the audit which involved discussion with various auditors from different regions of the world and also accomplished the plan execution of the business group with includes conflict resolution and agreements. Therefore, with these abilities, I have the capability to develop a learnings reflective practice and resolving different conflicts which took place in the business (Nimer, 2012). The program of Columbia University has the features of understanding the complexities and dynamics of actors and issues, encouraged to develop a practice of learning which has to be reflective. After gaining the experiences from the office, I would be able to contribute in the program arranged by Columbia University through the pragmatic approaches to approach the conflicts. Even if the program gives the best learning methods, it would not be difficult to understand the psychology of the people who are involved in the conflicts and making negotiations with them (Barsky, 2016; Columbia.edu. 2017). It would become easier to wage dialogue with the people and would make me more efficient to give statement about the problem solving methods and approaches. During my both professional life and academic life I have been able to grasp the understanding of the problems in different ways and these experiences gave me the stage to show my leadership qualities which I think became quite appropria te while I made a significant contribution to my working sphere. According to the settings of the programs, I would like to learn more about the important skills of life so that it would be easier to enhance in the professional life and would also help to develop the better communication and understanding of the subject through the proper implementation of these skills in the working arena. Being a mid career professional, by learning more effective skills, I can able to develop the negotiation skills and interaction which could help me out to make my career more developed. Through this program, it is important to rediscover myself in resolving conflicts in any labor organization or if it arises in the Human resource management in terms of controlling the office administration. Deloitte Office where I am working is the office in Indonesia. Indonesia is facing problems with the Governmental as well as Private officials; the other corruption which includes embezzlement and with the help of many people such problems can be stopped. With the help of ICW website, it is been researched or surveyed that these missions, problems are under the sphere of research and also been taken into account about who are managing these problems and how these problems are being solved in a more critical manner (Martini, 2012). In Deloitte office, I have faced certain problems based on corruption and politics in terms of managing the clients. At time it became also difficult for me to catch up with their problems. It is even true that the HR manager also had to at times grease the palm of different managers regarding their work (Avruch Black, 2014). There were problems including the communication with the auditors in terms of conveying them and manipulating them. In my office, an employee thought that business cannot last longer by providing discount to the customers. Therefore, the better, tax evasion, stealing the sales tax, is being chosen by the employee to make the business run swift and faster. These are the problems which the employee was creating breaking the rules of the business. By noticing this, I tried to contact him and wanted to talk about him. Further the employee carryout out their deceptive measures to bring down the business (Avruch Black, 2014). With all the proofs, I informed HR manager about this problem and the manager took steps about it. Thus, it is important for me to learn the skills again and make myself getting involved in the problem solving agenda and Columbia University would provide me with definite skills to solve problems in my working arena. References Abu-Nimer, M. (2012).Dialogue, conflict resolution, and change: Arab-Jewish encounters in Israel. Suny Press Avruch, K., Black, P. (2014). Conflict resolution in intercultural settings Problems and prospects. Barsky, A. (2016).Conflict Resolution for the Helping Professions: Negotiation, Mediation, Advocacy, Facilitation, and Restorative Justice. Oxford University Press Columbia.edu. (2017).Columbia University in the City of New York. [online] Available at: https://www.columbia.edu/ [Accessed 21 Aug. 2017]. Martini, M. (2012). Causes of corruption in Indonesia.U4 anti-corruption resource centre, Transparency Internationa Wallensteen, P. (2015).Understanding conflict resolution. Sage.

The Hobbit A Review Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Hobbit: A Review Essay, Research Paper The Hobbit: A Reappraisal Introduction The book I read and analyzed was? The Hobbit? by J.R.R. Tolkein. I shall discourse the secret plan and character development, puting, writer # 8217 ; s manner and my sentiments about it. Plot Development There are excessively many characters in the narrative and so it is difficult to follow and cognize each one of them. ( There are many midgets and it # 8217 ; s confounding. ) In the beginning there is an debut where the writer tells a spot about what is a hobbit and the hobbit # 8217 ; s ( Bilbo ) household. It is non really complicated and the writer makes it easy to understand. This debut gives the general background, which makes the narrative easier to understand, for the secret plan and its development. The secret plan development in the center is non complicated and easy to follow. It can even be summarized in a few sentences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hobbit A Review Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The stoping is expected since the writer gives intimations about it. As in the debut when he says that the hobbit would addition something, this means that he will non decease. Then, the reader is non unbroken in suspense and does non anticipate to see what happens at the terminal. The last flood tide ( or what is supposed to be the flood tide ) takes a long clip to occur ( the last battle? good ( work forces, elves, dwarves A ; bird of Joves ) vs. evil ( wargs A ; hobs ) ) and this reduces its effectivity. After the flood tide there is the long return place. It is rather deadening since there is nil to anticipate to and the reader knows that the hobbit would acquire place safely. In my sentiment it should have been shorter. Character Development The creative activity of the characters is done by their duologues and soliloquies, actions and things noted by the storyteller ( the writer in this instance ) himself. An illustration for duologue: ? All the same, I should wish it all field and clear, besides I should wish to cognize about hazards, out-of-pocket disbursals # 8230 ; ? ( by Bilbo, page 22, it shows that he is non ready to leap into things so rapidly ) . An illustration for a soliloquy: ? Now is the clip for our honored Mr. Baggins, who has proved himself # 8230 ; ? ( by Thorin, page 210, it shows Thorin # 8217 ; s manner ) . A good illustration for action is when Thorin blocked the Gate in the mountain that shows the reader that the hoarded wealth is of import to Thorin and he instead die than giving it off. An illustration for notes by the writer: ? You are familiar with Thorin # 8217 ; s manner on of import occasions # 8230 ; ? ( page 210 ) the writer negotiations straight to the reader and helps him understand the text. Each character has a physical description. The length and content of the description addition as the character importance to the secret plan additions ( e.g. , the hobbit has really long descriptions in the narrative ( particularly in the debut ) and the Elvenking has fewer descriptions ) . The more of import characters get an emotional description excessively, but it is non good seen, but it can be extracted from the text by analysing it. The illustration I gave before about Bilbo non hotfooting into things is a good illustration for this excessively. The cardinal figure is the hobbit, Bilbo. He is the 1 that makes many things occur by his errors and fortune. The writer gives long descriptions of him and refers to him a batch, he besides made him salvage his companions’ life and without him the secret plan would non hold been the same. The back uping dramatis personae is divided into the more of import characters ( such as the midgets and Gandalf ) into less of import and less described 1s ( such as the hob guards that caught the party in the forests ) . It is difficult to believe that the characters can be in world since they can non, and they are non supposed to since it is a fantasy book. Puting The narrative occurs in the fanciful universe? Middle-earth? created by the writer, it is appropriate since animals that are found in the book ( e.g. , hobs and midgets ) do non be in our universe. Since the narrative happens in many topographic points over Middle-earth the writer gives a deep description merely in topographic points where of import things to the secret plan go on but in other topographic points he gives a more general description. Most topographic points make the reader have a image in his encephalon of them, the writer uses the appropriate words and gives good descriptions. It takes the narrative about a twelvemonth to happen. It starts at the spring and ends in about the same clip the twelvemonth after. Partss of the narrative take topographic point in every clip of the twenty-four hours ( and dark ) . The temper is of fantasy universe, where everything ( like thaumaturgy and immense hoarded wealths ) can look and go on. Author # 8217 ; s Style The words used in the book are non really complicated, but there are some words that are non longer in usage, or used merely in poets ( such as? ere # 8217 ; in some duologues ) . The manner in which the duologues are written depends on who is speaking and when ( e.g. , when the Elvenking talked to Thorin he did non handle him with regard ( because elves hated midgets ) and so did Thorin because he was offended with his fascination ) . There was no suspense in the narrative, because of the writer that destroyed it right at the beginning and with his intimations all over the narrative, stating that the hobbit and his friends would win and acquire what they wanted. At the terminal it was clear that the good people are traveling to win the conflict against the immorality. The secret plan is non really complicated and it can be summarized by one paragraph or something like this. Critic # 8217 ; s Choice Although I like fantasy manner, I did non truly like this book. The book was the worst fantasy book I of all time read, although I know that the writer is considered to be one of the people that gave the fantasy manner a great push. Even though the book is good written there are some mistakes that make it tiring and uninteresting ( such as the deficiency of suspense that I already discussed before ) . Comparing this book to the? Dragon Lance? series and particularly the foremost, original 1s, by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman the? Dragon Lance? is much better. For this book to be more interesting some alterations need to be made, like dropping all the notes that the writer puts in about the characters. These notes that reduced the suspense made the book really deadening and I even fell asleep one time reading it. If you want to read a fantasy book, you should jump this one and read a book of Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman that are better writers. If this author ( died? ) wants to go on composing, allow it be, but he should non anticipate me to read it.

Swot Analysis of Proton Holding Berhad free essay sample

Two years later, On 9th July 1985 the Proton Saga was officially launched. It was Malaysia’s first domestically produced car and is still sold in Malaysia and other countries today. The original factory plant, covering 99,400 sq m, is situated at Shah Alam near Kuala Lumpur in central Malaysia. The site also houses an engine and transmission factory, a castings plant, RD centre and a semi-high speed test track. The factory is currently producing 240,000 units per annum. Opened in 2005, a state of the art assembly plant was constructed at Tanjung Malim, 60 miles north of Kuala Lumpur. This area has been named Proton City and consists of 500 hectare site containing the factory, plant, housing, a university and other commercial buildings to accommodate component suppliers. This plant produces the three newest model ranges, the GEN-2, Savvy and Satria Neo. Proton’s total workplace in Malaysia totals just over 6,000 personnel working in all areas of vehicle design, RD, production and manufacturing. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Proton Holding Berhad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With a solid base built up since 1983, Malaysia’s car manufacturing industry is progressing rapidly. Proton tool a major step forward in upgrading its engineering capabilities when it acquired a share in Lotus are closely involved in Proton’s new model development, with a team of engineers permenantly based at the design and development centre in Malaysia. The Company has come a long way since 1983, PROTON was publicly listed on the Kuala Lumpur stock Exchange in 1992, and today, Proton cars are exported to mor than 50 countries worldwide. Key export markets include Australia, Singappore, the far East and the UK, where during 2009 it celebrates 20 years in the market place. Since 1989, Proton Cars (UK) Ltd have been offering the British public reliable value for money vehicles. With each new model, Proton have improved and set new standards, earning a loyal group of customers, some of whom have recently purchased their 8th Proton vehicle.

11 Facts on Non-College Education for a Persuasive Speech

11 Facts on Non-College Education for a Persuasive Speech If you are looking for facts on non-college education for a persuasive speech, consider the information below: The majority of non-college educated Republicans in America view racism as less of an issue compared to those who have a college education. In places like South Carolina, most non-college educated Republicans took no issue with a Confederate flag being hoisted on statehouse grounds. Perhaps the most shocking find of a recent Pew Research Center study was that white Republicans who do not have a college education do not feel that voting gives any voice to the people. They believe that there is no point in voting and will not go to the polls because of it. This level of ignorance is pervasive and continues to undermine legitimate government systems around the world. Today 62% of non-college educated Republicans saw immigrants as a significant burden on the country. Only 26% of non-college educated Republican thought that immigrants strengthen the country. But among those white college graduates who were Republicans, the opinion about whether immigrants are a burden or whether they strengthen the country was relatively divided. White Republicans without a college education were more skeptical about whether voting actually gives citizens a voice. In fact, 44% claimed that voting by average people does not impact how the government is operated, and 3% of white Republicans with a college education claimed the same. Only 38% of Republicans like the elected officials who have ever compromised compared to 59% of Democrats who like it when their politicians compromise. Those without a college education strongly disliked any politician who compromises, and only 1/3rd of voters see any politician who compromises in a positive light. In contrast, only half of college educated participants had favorable views of those who compromised. White Republicans without a college education are more likely to be critical about the business and economic fairness in America compared to those white Republicans with a college education. Half of those white Republicans without a college education believe that businesses make reasonable profits, but the other half said they made too much. 68% of white Republicans with a college education believe that corporations have reasonable profits with 27% believing their profits are excessive. The majority of white Republicans without college education have doubts about the equality of the U.S. economic system, with 60% believing that it favors the most powerful citizens and only 37% believing it is fair to the majority of Americans. But among those white Republicans with a college education, 55% view the system as fair. Among the Republican Party there is widespread dissatisfaction with the politics, with 79% of all Republicans stating that their side loses more often than it wins in political arguments. Both educated and non-educated white Republicans were angry with the federal government. However, among white Republicans without a college education they were more likely to view politics today as a struggle between what is right and what is wrong. Those white Republicans with a college education only felt in 35% of cases that the political issues facing the Republican party were issues of right versus wrong. Studies have indicated that there is a strong difference between the political views of people who have a college education and people who dont. There is also a difference between the amount of money which can be earned by those who have a college education vs. those who do not, a difference which only continues at the mid-level and top-tier levels of a given career. Today, college graduates between the age of 25 and 32 who are working full-time will make roughly $17,000 more than their peers to only have a high school diploma. Naturally those who begin earning a college degree at the age of 18 will be better off compensating for the cost of Education compared to those who complete a degree later on and lose valuable years at a mid-level pay scale. Today many people are questioning whether receiving a college education is worth the cost for particularly with regard to what career potential is available after graduation. The annual cost for undergraduate tuition as well as room and board reaches $12,000 for public institutions and $32,000 for private institutions each year. This means that a modest education, that which is defined as a bachelors degree from a public university, will cost $50,000 minimum. Attending a top-tier private university will quadruple this expense. Adding to this the opportunity cost, which means the amount of money a person could have earned over the span of 4 years by working at a job rather than studying, and this money begins to add up quite quickly. The real question on many peoples minds today is how long it takes a new graduate to recuperate from all of these costs. Individuals who have no degree but are willing to complete Advanced Training such as a technical school can earn roughly $30,000 a year as a beginner. This means that over the course of 4 years they can make $120,000 while the college enrolled counterpart will make next to nothing and will earn a great deal of debt in the process. In fact, the average debt for student loans is around $25,000 and those who earn advanced degrees often have $100,000 on average in debt. The beginning earning for a non-college graduate starts at about $28,000 with a mid-level earning potential of $47,000 and a top level earning potential of $79,000. Somebody with a 4 year degree or higher will start earning $51,000 a year making $85,000 per year at the mid-level point and averaging $130,000 a year at the top level. The math indicates that those who have a four-year degree will earn over 1 million dollars more compared to those who do not during the course of their career. This of course does not necessarily apply to people who have a short career and decide to stop working just a few years after they graduate, in which case the degree does not pay off. It also does not apply to those who are enlisted in the military as it can take several years to earn a college degree while working in the military. Hope these 11 facts gave you a better grasp over the topic at hand. They were selected specifically to get you up the speed. If you are still feeling lost with your task we also have 20 sub-topics and a manual on a  controversial persuasive speech for students. References: 20 Great Jobs Without A College Degree | Careercast.Com.  Careercast.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 May 2016. Brodhead, Richard H.  The Good Of This Place. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. Print. Conchas, Gilberto Q and James Diego Vigil.  Streetsmart Schoolsmart. Print. New Study: The Scary Difference Between Non-College Educated White Republicans- And The Educated.  Daily Kos. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 May 2016. Nisen, Max. Google Has Started Hiring More People Who Didnt Go To College.  Business Insider. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 May 2016. Smith, Samantha et al. A Divide Between College, Non-College Republicans.  Pew Research Center. N.p., 2016. Web. 12 May 2016. Strayhorn, Terrell L and Melvin C Terrell.  The Evolving Challenges Of Black College Students. Sterling, Va.: Stylus, 2010. Print.

Energy policy and technology (Energy in developing countries, Research Proposal

Energy policy and technology (Energy in developing countries, Thailand) - Research Proposal Example Thailand is one of the developing countries in Southeast Asia that has set a good example by introducing policies (Buranasajjawaraporn, 2014) that promote and support the production of clean energy; however, preliminary literature review (Beerepoot, Laosiripojana, Sujjakulnukij, Tippichai, & Kamsamrong, 2013) identified a few problems in its policies and structures that might create hurdles in the future. Due to this potential of Thailand to emerge as one of the leaders in solar energy production and consumption, the proposed study intends to analyse some of the significant aspects of renewable energy industry of Thailand. The Ministry of Energy of Thailand (2002) has indicated its interest in promoting not only the consumption but also the production of solar energy several times, which is also evident from introduction of various incentives and promotional policies. In this regard, the matter of solar energy is of prime importance for the government, as well as for private stakeholders that are interested in investing in the potential industry. Due to this significance, identification and analysis of barriers associated with production of solar energy resources will be helpful for policymakers, as well as investors in not only understanding the problems but also resolving these barriers for successful implementation of government’s policies and achieving the target of 10-years alternative energy development plan of 2011-2021 (Buranasajjawaraporn, 2012). For this purpose, this study aims to investigate different aspects of Thailand’s solar industry with intent to identify and analyse its potential along with barriers that are causing hurdles for the government to promote renewable energy production and consumption in the country. Particularly, the study will attempt to fulfill the following research objectives: Brief review of literature

Market segmentation in the airline industry Essay

Market segmentation in the airline industry - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that success in marketing can be achieved by matching the organizational capabilities with the requirements of the marketplace. This matching is based on market segmentation. Market and their segments are clusters of potential customers. Market segmentation is a proactive process which involves the application of analytic techniques. Market segmentation has been defined as the process of dividing the total market into a number of smaller, more homogeneous submarkets, termed market segments. A heterogeneous group of customers is grouped into homogeneous groups or segments. Each of these segments requires a different marketing mix to service their needs. The concept of segmentation comes naturally to human beings. This categorization reduces uncertainty and simplifies procedures. This very principle, when applied to marketing, is known as market segmentation, which helps to unify groups of consumers. The market has to be first defined in term s of the product’s end users and their needs. It is then divided into various groups according to different characteristics. To reach the customers in the most effective way, market segmentation can be based on general variables like demographics, socio-economic, geographical, or psychographic. While demographics look at the general characteristics of the age, income, education, and occupation, psychographic variable delves deeper into people’s lifestyles and attitudes.

Loneliness and outsiders Essay Example for Free

Loneliness and outsiders Essay An outsider like crippled Crooks has no one to protect him, all he has is his American Civil Law book which defends his rights as a individual living in the U. S. A and seems to give him a certain comfort knowing that not anyone can argue against his tattered old book. Just as all of his feelings are exposed, Curleys wife threatens him and once again, he withdraws himself back to the liniment which seems to be the only thing in the world that makes Crooks feels better, even if he is ostracised from the rest. Curleys wife is one of the most significant characters to the novel because she shows loneliness on different levels. Because of being married to Curley she has a high status in the ranch, but this is exactly why she has no one but herself. Workers are afraid of getting too close to her in case innocent talking turns into more which could cost them their jobs or even lives. Nevertheless she is led to seek solace with the other men even if they are at the bottom of the social hierarchy on the ranch. And due to all the isolation, the only way to get noticed by the other men is to be a charmer, but this is what makes her so misunderstood. She expresses her true feelings about what could have been to Lennie while he sits on the hay and absorbs absolutely nothing but reflects on the poor little pup that he unintentionally killed. Curleys wife reminisces about how she could have been a Hollywood star and had all the superficial items that so many celebrities buy. Throughout her time on the ranch she has always thought her mother was the reason why Hollywood never became a reality for her, she said, I never got that letter, I always thought my old lady stole it. So I married Curley. This was her dream while on the ranch and like so many others, it shows how much of an outsider and a gullible person she was. In her life there had always been dominant figures like her mother and then Curley. So she has no real idea about how to be autonomous and become more of an independent woman. It could be said that she doesnt know how to interact correctly with people, persistently asking sympathetic rhetorical questions and also being very manipulative and discerning. These virtues are what make Curleys wife such a great character, she has no official name but is possibly one of the most complex characters to depict. Lennie is a simple person, mentally and literally. No one actually understands what he is saying most of the time because the ranch workers have never seen anyone so perplexed and bewildered as he. Without George he would be lost in life, Lennie relies on him to eat and to get him out of trouble whenever its needed most. Even though he blows arguments out of proportion by saying things like, I wouldnt eat no ketchup if it was right here beside me although he really does want the ketchup and is just playing on his own innocence. In one perspective Lennie is quite clever because if there is an opportunity where he can get George to take pity on him, then he will take it, but the majority of the time he is just retarded through no fault of his own. In the book sometimes Lennie is compared to an animal, like when he didnt want to give the mouse to George but then handed it over and started to sulk, Slowly, like a terrier who doesnt want to bring a ball back to its master, Lennie approached. And another time was when he was walking along the dusty road with George, He walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. Steinbeck chooses to describe him as an animal to symbolise the title, Of Mice and Men, maybe Lennie is the mouse and George is the man or the other way round. Thats how Lennie is an outsider, because hes an amoral animal who doesnt know his own strength, which is sometimes practical, but when he handles creatures and humans too ruthlessly, he does not know when to stop and that is when the exertion begins for George and Lennie. Lennie and George stick together through thick and thin, even when times get complicated, George seems to find a way out for the pair of them. Circular narrative is when something happens in a story and after a while it occurs again. Throughout the novel Lennie repeats phrases and quotes to George that they have already talked about previously, like the whole ketchup scenario, tending the rabbits, owning and living off the fat of the land etc. This shows that Lennie knows George so well that he assumes all there is to talk about is rabbits and land. That is what makes him a lonesome man because all the conversation is about the same thing and whatever he wants to talk about. All the characters in Of Mice and Men go through a form of loneliness and a feeling of not belonging. At times they can be self-centred which is mainly when two characters are in discussion which each other but not paying attention to the other. Maybe this is one of the reasons that loneliness strikes them, as they do not listen and are all wrapped up in their own impenetrable worlds. But this is what makes the book Of Mice and Men so fascinating to read, all the people have their own problems and dreams because they all share the strong emotions of loneliness and individuality, and even though they may think that they are all diverse, the audience can grasp that each person is more and more like the other.

Operational Activities of Tesco and Coca Cola

Operational Activities of Tesco and Coca Cola Executive Summary Operations management plays a key role in achieving the performance objectives at Tesco and Coca Cola. The underlying aim is to pace in such a way that the focus lays on the customer needs and wants while the organization stays profitable. Substantial facts have been established with sole focus on utilization of resources by both the companies in an efficient manner. Organizational difference between the two companies has been highlighted under the light of operations management. And an evaluation mix based on both the organizations operational framework is elaborated depicting various factors involved. A critical analysis on the structure of both the organizations is provided which mainly entails the similarities and differences on their respective processes and operations. Contents Section A In the following section, introduction to the selected companies is provided in which a deep insight into the identification of current customers is discussed and what current strategies are applied to them. Along with that, it has also been explained that how the operations are aligned to the customer needs. Introduction to TESCO Tesco is the largest retailer chain in the UK and the third largest in the world. To be exact, as stated in Tesco About Us, (2010), it has operations in 2,362 stores in Britain alone. Tesco started off by trading only groceries but now it merchandizes almost every consumer product ranging from a needle to consumer electronics and financial serves. It has grown through various acquisitions of businesses. As Tesco has grown and so have its employees. Tesco currently employs 286,394 staff in the UK and over 460,000 worldwide (The Times 100 , 2009). To serve bigger markets it needs well-trained staff. The UK is the companys largest market, where it operates under four banners of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The company sells almost 40,000 food products, including clothing and other non-food lines. The companys own-label products (50 percent of sales) are at three levels, value, normal and finest. It knows that better staff knowledge, skills and job satisfaction is all vital to i ts further growth.( http://ivoryresearch.com/sample5.php) 2.1 Customers Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to a variety of social changes. Tesco have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. Tesco is purely a consumer centred organization. It constantly strives to offer new services, products and ways to shop. It also makes sure that the delivery is executed on time and is hassle free with no strings attached. Its customers include two entities which comprise of B2C and B2B; domestic or regular buyers and small businesses that buy in bulk for further retail, respectively. According to Baba, (2009), Tesco has an aggregate market share of 30.5% with ASDA following it with about half the lag. 2.2 Alignment All the stores are linked to a database and inventory control is ensured in order to meet the consumer demands. It keeps on giving discounts on goods that are in demand and customer focussed. Especially during seasonal events, Tesco has the policy of lowering the prices while maintaining the quality of products as well services offered. Tesco makes use of advance technology in its routine as well as specialized chores. It has innovated and deployed cameras to reduce queues on self-service tills. This is considered as a breakthrough in mechanized retail business. Introduction to Coca Cola Coca Cola started it operations from Atlanta in 1886 as a drug to relieve from headache by a pharmacist Dr. John S Pemberton. Later it became popular and was put into production as a carbonated cola drink. Currently, The Coca Cola Company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and produces nearly 400 brands. Its winning team comprises of over 92,800 employees globally. It has operations in more than 200 countries. Coca Cola Great Britain (CCGB) offers 21 brands and over a hundred products to the consumers in the UK. Its regional headquarters are situated in west London. 3.1 Customers Coca Cola is a refreshing and invigorating brand and caters to the same market as such. Customers include the youth and young adults but kids and adults have also shown frequent consumption patterns over time. According to Coca Cola, (2010), it offers about 1.6 billion servings of its products to the consumers per day. This represents that it has a huge customer base and is very popular among many. 3.2 Alignment Coca Colas vast operations system is responsible of catering to variable demand of its consumers. With a customer base this large, it has concentrated on its supply chain system to ensure ready availability of Coca Cola products to its consumers. It has marketed itself at the right place and at the right time to ensure its presence among its valued customers. It has catered to the regional values and blended itself into the culture of its consumers such that it keeps the customer relationship bond intact. Analysis 4.1 Total Quality Management (TQM) As mentioned by Oakland, (1995), Total Quality Management is a mix of total quality and total management. It specifies quality, defines service and quality of service. Following are a few of the TQM principles adopted by both the selected companies. 4.1.1 Employee Training Employee training and personnel development is an integral part of any organization. Be it the top management or the field staff, training is very important. (Pulat, 1994) Tescos vast operations and customer handling requires a subtly well trained staff. For this they conduct regular checks and performance measurements to identify key deficiencies in the system and try to uproot them through proper training. Similarly, introduction of new products or services in the brand portfolio requires development of employees. Coca Cola relies on training its valuable staff periodically. Be it the innovative technology improvement in production or new inventory management software, Coca Cola strives to provide their workforce with trainings ranging from basic level to the advanced. 4.1.2 Continuous Improvement Continuous improvement is a very basic concept of TQM and must be a part of every organization. Tesco practices commitment towards closed loop feedback for system correction. It focuses on the communication process and obtains feedback both from its employees and from the customers to accelerate the improvement process. Coca Cola, on the other hand, practices continuous improvement which means that the processes should be made so efficient that no defective article reaches the marketplace. Hence, straightening the processes such that they are aligned to the customer needs. 4.1.3 Teamwork In the current scenario of cut throat competition in the market, firms need to be equipped with multi-dimensional, flexible and competitive workforce to be effective. Coca Cola train its staff in order to create cross functional teams which, in return, give the company harmonized systems of control till the lowest level of hierarchy. Tesco creates opportunities for its workers to hone their teamwork abilities by assigning them a variety of projects. It, hence, synergizes its employees in pursuit of a common goal customer satisfaction. 4.2 Marketing strategies According to Etzel, (2008), marketing strategy is a process which involves utilization of limited resources to attain opportunities and eventually, customer satisfaction. Following are some growth strategies designed to identify and focus on the customer. 4.2.1 Cost Support System Cost support system signifies that the organization is leading the business due to its low cost of production. Tesco being a market leader in retail store business has managed to cut its costs in many ways. It has implanted automated tills where customers are enjoying self-service. Through this it has managed to cut some of its human resource employment cost. Additionally, the implementation of adequate inventory control system has slashed Tescos over or under filling problems which has, in return, saved marginal expenses. Coca Cola has adopted new ways of bottling and through proper research, managed to reduce any wastage cost. Besides, they have their own filtration and recycling plants which have condensed water usage by 21% (Coca Cola, 2010). 4.2.2 Market Subdivision Market subdivision is done in order to identify the individuals who share one or more characteristic that distinguishes them with respect to demand of similar products based on qualities and prices etc. Coca Cola has segmented its product to the young generation which is energetic and dynamic. It has positioned itself in the same way as it target market is. It is available everywhere in the form of bottles and vending machines placed in offices, canteens, bars etc. On the other hand, Tesco targets the shopping community like housewives and adults. They have an access to self-earned money and make buying decisions themselves. 4.2.3 Product Distinction Product distinction is all about creating a differentiating factor that make the product stand out of crowd. Tesco has differentiated itself by price slashing phenomenon. It offers amazing discounts and gives away bundle offers. Moreover, availability of almost every item that a consumer wants is ensured which makes it a one shop stop for everybody. Coca Colas greatest differentiating factor is its bottle shape and its unique taste. The shape of the bottle communicates glamour and quality and the taste has a sense of refinement in it. Section B Operations Management Framework As described by Render, (2001), operations management is a process concerned with efficient and effective production of goods and services while meeting customer preferences. 5.1 Process Planning and Design Process designing involves understanding the two ends that is where to start and where to finish keeping in view the various requirements and limitations during the method performed. Process planning and design refers to the fact of transformation the process that can deliver factors like low cost, high quality, enhanced functionality and speed etc. to the production process of goods or services. Coca Cola has production in many countries and is responsible of producing highly standardized products in large volumes. Coca Cola has become a commodity and a necessity to the consumers. The production usually runs 24 hours a day and seven days a week. This all has been achieved through planning and designing the process of production. Tesco, on the other hand, follows a lesser mechanized channel of approach. It doesnt have to go through the tedious production process but it does package goods to be placed in the stores. Planning and design is an on-going process so Tesco has been continuously planning to spread its fixed cost over the volume. It offers a generalized flow shop operation (See Appendix) which allows the customers an ease of access to all the sections without crowding out and creating bottle necks. 5.2 Process Mapping Business process mapping comprises of the activities that define a road map about what the business actually does, the standard and where does the responsibility chain go to. Coca Cola has adopted this concept of creating value chain and establishing the links in the value chain that where the value needs to be added continuously. Meaningful flow charts, work flow diagrams and value stream maps have been designed in order to pre map any latent ambiguities or confusions regarding the processes. Its production process has been made more efficient and it has found and fixed the holdups in the process through this. Tesco Management uses process mapping to revise existing services and add more services into its operations. However, due to a different nature of business, it uses process mapping less frequently. 5.3 Layout Planning The goal of layout planning is to allow workers, equipment (and where applicable, customers) to operate at peak effectiveness, efficiency and involves determining the most feasible locations of the facilities in order to increase efficiency and minimize cost of operations. Layout planning is a very integral and commonly practiced phenomenon in both the organizations. Layout planning involve the best locations where a product can be displayed and where it would gain the most consumer attention. Tesco, being a retail store, exhibits various layouts for customers to get attracted. The products offered are well placed and ordered in symmetry. Special offers are positioned usually at the entrance of the mart and at the eye level of aisle. Tesco evaluates the brand presence by demand and positive traits to place it on the shelves as a convenience factor. Like new promotions are advertised within the store through print media and are placed within the reach of common customer. Coca Cola keenly places it products according to the store size. In small retail outlets, it focuses on brand visibility as well as product availability. Merchandise and coolers are placed in such a way that they are the first thing to be noticed by the customer who enters the store. Whereas in large retail chains, a proper section is allotted for the Coca Cola merchandise. The aisle is decorated with Coca Cola print advertisements and best-selling and new products are placed at eye level of the consumer to create brand recognition. 5.4 Supply Chain Management As mentioned by Blanchard, (2007), supply chain management is an on-going process which aims to harmonize the movement, storage, usage and the whole value chain which include the process from purchasing to shelving. Tesco has adopted the principles of supply chain management and has reduced its costs by around 45%. As a result, it has been able to lower its inventory as well (Tesco, 2010). As it deals in consumer electronics and basic commodities with standard benefits like food, home supplies, standard clothing etc. its main function here is cost reduction aligned with customer satisfaction. With the fashion goods, timeline is focussed more due to rapidly changing trends. Tesco deals with both the domestic customers as well as to business customers i.e. B2C and B2B respectively. So, it has aligned itself well to cater to both the markets (Brock, 2010). By implementing supply chain management concept, Coca Cola has reduced its inventory costs and production functionality. This has also enabled the company to ensure a rapid delivery of their products to the outlets and eventually the consumers. One more aspect that urges Coca Cola to constantly improve its supply chain system is its belonging to the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. 5.5 Schedule Management Schedule management is all about ensuring that the right tasks are conducted at the right time and on the right items. Following are some of the factors that the companies keep in their minds while managing operations. 5.5.1 Demand Forecast Coca Cola schedules itself by performing a demand forecast to support the whole operations management process. It plans its capacity beforehand to ensure a steady flow for the future sales. For example, Coca Cola foresees its sales to go up in summers or social events so it schedules the production of products in such a way that it caters to the increased demand of the consumers. Similarly, Tesco follows the demand forecasting techniques to stay profitable and be able to respond to demand during the times of social events and festivals. For example, customers would want costumes and pumpkins during Halloween and Christmas trees during Christmas. 5.5.2 Master Scheduling Key players in master scheduling are sales and operations. Coca Cola has disaggregated its workflow into different major chunks. Through this a synergy is created which has a greater and better effect on the overall production process. This means that production process is divided into various segments and a sum of all would result into a whole. Coca-Cola alters the master schedule and as a result, inventories, lead times and capacity requirements are altered in favour. Tesco, on the other hand, manages the inventories and supply lines in accordance to the commodity requirement. For example, perishable goods like frozen food are kept till the mentioned expiry period. To make sure nothing goes wasted, appropriate quantities are taken and under storage capacity. 5.6 Lean Management Lean management, according to Plenert, (2007), refers to the process of elimination of costs as well as wastes during production process. Coca Cola is one of the leaders in waste management system. It has laid a three factor phenomenon i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle the packaging. It has introduced a new bottle design which is 20% lighter and it has slashed carbon emissions by 2,200 tonnes (Coca-Cola, 2010). The company has established recycle zones at certain places to encourage recycling of waste. The glass bottles currently contain about 37% recycled glass, while half of the aluminium used in the cans is recycled. Using the metal in this way saves 95 per cent of the energy needed to manufacture it from its raw form. Hence, new ways have helped slicing costs attached. Tesco practices employee empowerment. It has a team of multi-cultural individuals working under one roof. They have been delegated certain authorities that help benefit both themselves and the customers. Theyve been able to specify value in terms of competitive pricing. Moreover, it has cut costs by training the staff thus reducing the mishandling and waste of perishable goods and delicate items. It pursues perfection by creating customer pull value through value stream. 5.7 Inventory Management System An intelligent inventory management system is what almost every organization needs today. Tesco was one of the first ones to adopt the RFID system in practice. What purpose does it serve is that conventional bar codes are replaced with computer chips or smart tags. And this makes use of wireless technology to track inventory. It goes through two stages i.e. firstly; the suppliers tag the inventory and send it to the respective outlets. To make sure it reaches at the right outlet, they are monitored wirelessly. Secondly, the already reached inventory is unpacked and further allotted with a different RFID and sent to shelves. One of the key benefits it offers is that it prevents from shoplifting. However, Coca Cola practices a bit simpler inventory management system. It gathers the required raw materials like concentrate etc. from various defines sources according to the requirements and stores them for operations. Particular raw material is selected and sent to the work in process. Thus facilitating the entire production process. Critical Analysis on Differences between Organizations Although both the companies have customer focused in their minds, the main difference between both Tesco and Coca Cola is their nature of production. Coca Cola serves in the manufacturing sector and produced high quality goods for consumption whereas, Tesco functions in the service sector and is involved in the production of services. It also acts as a middle man for various deals. Coca cola is a soft drink beverages retail business that serves both the markets i.e. business to consumer and business to business customers. It offers its services to small scale as well as large scale retail outlets in the form of packaged beverage. And for the business community, it has contracts with various businesses like McDonalds and Burger king etc. and provides them with vending machines. It has paced itself well in the industry and always meets the consumer needs. The operation implications of Coca Cola involve a high tech beverage factory that produces high quality beverages and works 24 hours a day and seven days a week. A steady supply of raw materials is managed at a pace harmonious to the production process. A proper storage and inventory control system is also maintained in order to aid the supply chain aspects and then the supply of beverages to the end user is ensured at any cost. Tesco, on the other hand, is in a supermarket business. It focuses more on its outlets and the services it provide to the customers. Moreover, a key fact not to be neglected is its online store named as Tesco Direct. As the name suggests, the delivery is made direct to the defined place. All the bargains that Tesco offers are available online on Tesco Direct. This facilitates the consumer even before visiting the store hence adding value. Apart from dealing in the consumer goods, Tesco is also a key player in various other fields. It operates in Garden centers, for financial services it runs its own bank namely Tesco bank. In addition to that, it has its own brand of electronics products known as Technika. Other services offered include its presence in the telecom and energy sector as well. Section C Evaluation of Mix Today, conducting operations in an environment in which if one doesnt evolve from primitive ways, it will go obsolete. Constant innovation in operations framework and selecting a customer focused approach is very important. The operations at Coca Cola Corporation are in collaboration with their long and short term goals. Through their staunch strategies and their rigorous implementation, Coca Cola has been able to improve itself in terms of financial growth as well as the market share. A better logistics system has helped it reach out to his customers at a rapid pace. And with the implementation of a better and more advanced production plant, it has benefited its own growth by increasing the production capacity and access to multiple productions at a time. The quality standards are maintained according to the world accredited criterions like ISO and environment friendly standards. They have shifted to using CFC free machinery in their chillers and coolers which are much healthier. With adoption of supply chain management system, the company has enabled a systematic approach to operations. The management of supply chain and operations has helped the company to provide the customers with the required satisfaction level they wanted. Coca Cola is one of the leaders in waste management system. It has laid a three factor phenomenon i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle the packaging. It has introduced a new bottle design which is 20% lighter and it has slashed carbon emissions by 2,200 tonnes (Coca-Cola, 2010). Tesco also has a smart inventory control and management system. From collection of goods till their sale, everything is scrutinized and put under check to ensure free flow through proper channel. This has facilitated them to manage and forecast the demand of goods that are demanded more and the ones that are demanded lesser often. Coca Cola provides an excellent customer services programme by introducing new drinks according to the taste of the customers and by doing this they are very successful in maintaining the existing customers loyalty and catching new customers. Coke also introduces a coke reward programme. My Coke Rewards is customer loyalty marketing campaign for the Coca-Cola soft drink. Customers enter codes found on specially marked packages of Coca-Cola products on a website. Codes can also be entered on the go by texting them from a cell phone. These codes are converted into virtual points which can in turn be redeemed by members for various prizes. On the other hand Tescos Club card loyalty scheme is designed not only to reward members based on their spend, but also to enable Tesco to better understand and meet the needs and preferences of its customers by recording and analysing their buying behaviour. In each Club card mailing, Tesco uses the information gained from its loyalty scheme to provide customers with offers that are as appropriate to them as possible. In fact, as a member, when you receive your Club card vouchers, youll also receive one of over 80,000 different combinations of other special offers and vouchers, allocated to you based on your previous purchases and shopping habits. So instead of having to throw half of the extra vouchers away, you should be able to save money by using them all! Tesco was one of the first ones to adopt the RFID system in practice. What purpose does it serve is that conventional bar codes are replaced with computer chips or smart tags. And this makes use of wireless technology to track inventory. However, Coca Cola practices a bit simpler inventory management system. It gathers the required raw materials like concentrate etc. from various defines sources according to the requirements and stores them for operations. Particular raw material is selected and sent to the work in process. By implementing supply chain management concept, Coca Cola has reduced its inventory costs and production functionality. This has also enabled the company to ensure a rapid delivery of their products to the outlets and eventually the consumers. One more aspect that urges Coca Cola to constantly improve its supply chain system is its belonging to the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The lean procedures have devised employee empowerment and led both Tesco and Coca Cola to reduce as well as manage its wastes and eventually the costs attached to it. Coca Cola has deployed large waste bins in the cities to encourage recycling and practices reusing and recycling waste too. Tesco is also very focused to employee empowerment and gives away incentives to the ones who show performance. Additionally, value is not something that is just attached to price, quality or service but it is related to the experience as well. Layout planning plays a keen part in fulfilling this need of the customer. This satisfaction is achieved when the perceived value goes proportional to the quality provided. Hence, the value is added at every step of production of goods or services. Process automation in the manufacturing of Coca Cola products and in-store mechanization of Tesco has reduced the costs a great deal and has added worth to the companies. The strategies and techniques for production of goods and services are constantly adding value to the means of production as well as to the customer norms which is creating a bond between organizations and the customers. By tracking performance on a regular basis, both the companies can identify areas that are performing well, as well as those that need to be improved and worldwide aims not just to retain customers. They a bigger share of each customers wallet the amount of money the customer has to spend on their products.

What Art Means to Me

Art Appreciation Essay By definition, art is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. In simpler terms, art is what we find to be pleasing to our senses. In my opinion, art does not have a true definition. Its definition is different for all of us. To me, art is a way for one to express themselves. Each piece of art means something different for every one of us.Just because we don’t understand a particular piece does not mean that it’s not considered art in society. We can all appreciate a nice photograph or painting, but we may disagree on whether or not it is art. I see art in nature, photography, drawings and even in the things we see in every day life. Just because something is considered art, does not necessarily that we as an individual consider it art for ourselves. We may not find beauty in certa in pieces of art that everyone else may like.For example, while a painting such as Picasso’s Seated Bather is considered art, I do not see it as beautiful. I can respect it as a work of art in general, but it does not speak to me, nor do I find it to be beautiful. One of my most favorite works of art is Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night. I love Van Gogh’s use of symbolism and his expressive use of color and color scheme. While I do enjoy paintings, photography is my favorite art medium. As an aspiring photographer myself, I find comfort in photographs as opposed to paintings and they tend to speak to me a little more.Some of my favorite photographers include Ansel Adams, Uta Barth, Sally Mann, David LaChapelle, and Zach Mazur. Each of these artists are very different from each other, yet I enjoy each of their styles. My least favorite type of art is probably sculpture. I am not real sure as to why this is, I just don’t seem to identify as well with sculptur es and I haven’t ever really taken much interest in them. Anything is capable of becoming art. I think that something becomes art once it is accepted by society as being such.It must invoke some sort of emotion within others and hold meaning to us. While each of us has our own idea of what is considered to be good art, and what is bad art a lot of times monetary value plays a big part in determining quality. Art could be determined as being â€Å"good† or bad† based on a set of standards that professionals and experts in the field of art set, but I believe for the most part, good and bad art is based largely on opinion. Art is completely subjective to the viewer. We as a society determine good and bad art for ourselves, not for the entire population.

Intergenerational Family Violence Essay

The family violence has taken a new toll in the current times. The family violence has become very common indeed and the number of offenders in these crimes has increased far beyond the reach. The cases originate on daily basis and the statistics show that most of the times victims are females who are physically and mental abused in different ways. In these scenarios it has been observed that these events cause much more damage to the children who watch these events often. The child abuse on the other hand has also become debatable as the cases increase. The intergenerational family violence might not have been studied before but it has always been available to study whenever there is an event of family violence. The human nature is based on social learning theory. It is the human tendency to watch the behaviors and then try to implement in their personalities (Murrell et al, 2007). Behaviorists have put forward the theory that the social learning theory is applicable only when if it triggers a change in the behavior of the observer whereas the theorists say that the learning process is an ever going process and it is not incomplete if it doesn’t cause any change in the behavior (Kernsmith, 2006). Whatever the theorists and behaviorists state about the social learning theory, it is evident that the observations of these events cause damage to the future lives of those who watch these family violence events. Postmodern thinking supports these claims, stating that individuals â€Å"create the social reality for their behavior according to how they interpret norms in particular milieus† (Markward, 1997). Child abuse has different effects on the victims. Some children after these events become reserve and some become violent. Even also watching the abusing of their mothers in front of them creates a negative notion in their minds about the realities of life (Pollak, 2004). This is the learning process as described by the theorists. The observations made by child make a deep impact on the mind intentionally or unintentionally. Sometimes the action doesn’t come right after the observation. It is dependent about the mental strength of the individual on how much extreme extent he has to formalize his mind towards these events. But surely the mind is working as the interpretation process continues from time to time (Kernsmith, 2006). In order to cause change the mind works in such a way to determine how much impact such event has made. For example, continuous abusing observations might make the child to become violent at times, even if he is not violent the aggregation of emotions might be taking place in his mind which makes him to get reserved to the situations from time to time. A time comes when the mentality of the child becomes harnessed by the violent activities and he also starts to become violent at times (Corvo, 2006). Thus the change has been triggered in the behavior of the child after looking at these abusing events continuously. This makes the situation awful not only for the child because by this way they cause different violent activities and the victims may increase in numbers depending upon the strength of activities (Pollak, 2004). The violent psychology taken forward by the children has been creating lot of issues. The US population is filled with those who have tensions grown up in their households due to different financial and emotionally problems (Kernsmith, 2006). These usually end up fighting and one of them getting beaten. The children also come down in the impact of these fighting resulting in long term future damage to their lives. The behaviorists say that the children have a tendency to attract to those thing quickly which make a deep impact on their mind and heart. They are emotionally immature at early stages and an action like abusing them or their parents can increase their interest towards these activities (Murrell et al, 2007). It has also been observed that the continuous family violence has been exhibited by those who have gone through this violence before in their lives when they were young (Corvo, 2006). Thus an event like this happening in their early lives provides them the luxury to be like them in the future as they commit family violence by abusing their children and their spouses. Many researchers have observed a relation between the events happening in an early age of a young one when he experienced violence and those offences which he committed when he was adult. This phenomenon is now known as intergenerational transmission of violence and aggression. Researchers believe that the pattern of social learning theory makes its mark by providing the model to the child as he also sees the positive results due to this violence (Kernsmith, 2006). Most often the result of abusing her mother by her father results in the victory of the father due to his aggressive attitude and then therefore inherits these positive results to implement them in his behavior. Learning theories, such as socialization, social learning, and elements of feminist theory, asserts that behaviors are learned throughout our lives through our interactions with others. This is how the socialization then gets affected by the family violence as it is then exhibited outside the homes (Corvo, 2006). The social learning theory is based on the study of behaviors. With change in behaviors the extremism of these violent acts can be configured by the child as he observes all these events. When we critically evaluate the works of the researchers we come to know that there theories are practical and are very close to reality. That is, formally it was believed that the social learning theory doesn’t have any impact on the child’s behaviors and how he interprets different things and scenarios differently. These theories are nevertheless were thought to be just taught in the classrooms without any practical implementations to be viewed. But certain examples with results have provided the evidence that each and every action is based on some behavior and behavioral change in the children. Alan Sears has been the follower of the social learning theory and he stated the change to be inevitable in each case. It, however, depends upon the current and future scenarios when the person feels the extreme need to behave in a particular order. According to Hume Lock’s theory of empiricism the child mind is a blank slate after he is born. He just starts to observe things when his mind becomes little bit old. But still the child doesn’t have any ability to differentiate between the things quickly. He first acknowledges difference between things and then tries to remember them. The object of family violence plays its part when the child starts to learn these behaviors and try to compare them with others in contexts of their results. This learning process binds these actions in his mind and produce intimidation. The intimidation is considered as the urge of something to do. This urge is the force that drives the child to implement those actions which he had learnt over time and time. Now when this intimidation gets extreme, the action follows (Pollak, 2004). The strength of the action will be less at first but the result might be satisfying for him thus providing him the strength to commit this again. These continuous steps will make the child habitual of these things and the interpretation of things and difference between good and bad become ineligible in the mental stature of the child. The intimidation process is then followed by reinforcement. The reinforcement is the final phase of the social learning theory where the mind of the person has become mature enough to stand by his rules and principles and actions which he first observed and then followed over the course of his. The string of these events has made the mind to do violent as a good act and the maturity of the man accepts these actions as inevitable to bring about a change in others as well. In order to clearly view the reasons of these violent activities we have to go through a number of research steps through the prison record checks and the information provided by various NGOs. This information depicts the facts that the family violence is caused by difference in mental statures of the two who are involved. The gender differences, the act of domination by male on his spouse, the financial and emotionally tensions and the mentality of the person of his childhood when he would have experienced such event and would have thought that it will be better off to get aggressive and make people agree by force rather than negotiations, thus providing a lot easier battleground to them to conquer (Pollak, 2004). The intergenerational transmission of family violence has made the problems to arise in whole of the America. There are very common cases of these events taking place on common basis. People get hurt physically without any reasons and the innocent children who grow up by being abused or watching get people abused try to implement these behaviors afterwards. In order to remove these kinds of violent activities it is imperative that the laws should be made more severe for those who are adult and also they have to provide a facility where they can control their aggression and should be treated for the change in behaviors. The children which have been affected by these events should be taken in for great care as to change their pattern of thinking process which could benefit them in their future lives. References Murrell, Amy R. Christoff, Karen A. & Henning, Kris R. (2007). Characteristics of Domestic Violence Offenders: Associations with Childhood Exposure to Violence. Springer Science + Business Media. Corvo, Kenneth. (2006). Violence, Separation, and Loss in the Families of Origin of Domestically Violent Men. Kernsmith, Poco. (2006). Gender Differences in the Impact of Family of Origin Violence on Perpetrators of Domestic Violence. Pollak, Robert A. (2004). An Intergenerational Model of Violence. Springer Verlag.

The Sociological Perspective on Basketball Essay Example

The Sociological Perspective on Basketball Essay Example The Sociological Perspective on Basketball Paper The Sociological Perspective on Basketball Paper In sociology, there are 3 paradigms. There is the conflict theory perspective, the symbolic-interaction perspective and the structural-functionalist perspective. From a conflict paradigm point of view, the essay would focus on gender and how the assumption that girls lack the same level of strength and stamina as men. The WNBA (Women National Basketball League) doesn’t get the same amount of respect as the males do in the NBA (National Basketball League). Another issue could be that the NBA players have a higher annual salary than an average teacher. A structural-functionalist approach could be focused on how it creates jobs (the NBA) and academically too. Basketball could also be focused on how it also entertainment for the public and how it could build ones character. From a symbolic-interaction perspective, not only can it be focus on how basketball unifies people together, but it also has to ability to express aggression in a positive, rather than destructive way. Another example could be how two different players can have the same goal, but different motivates. One player can be motivated by the love for the game and another can be motivated by the thrill of competition. The best paradigm out of the 3 to study for the game of basketball would from a structural-functionalist perspective. From a structural-functionalist perspective, basketball can have a huge affect on people lives. Friendships can also be created by having a conversation about basketball or after playing a game of basketball. One of the biggest things about basketball is how entertaining it can be on television. Another view points from a structural-functionalist perspective are the job opportunities the game of basketball is given. Since the NBA has such a huge fan base, there are many jobs given. When there are games being played in arenas, there’s a plenty of jobs given in the arena and with those opportunities, it expands the economy. Other jobs are given as trainers, team doctors, etc. It can also lead to coaches that are need for school basketball teams. How does playing basketball for a school can help a student academically in high school from a structural-functionalist perspective? You notice that playing basketball for a high school can help physically, mentally, socially, and academically. Not only does playing basketball for a school not only build friendships between team members, but could also give them that competitive edge to become better than who they are physically and mentally. For a student to continue playing basketball for a school, he’ll have to stay in shape for the season and be able to keep the grades above average. Academically, at a college level, basketball is a good and bad thing. Majority of universities pay attention to the student skill level at the sport rather than his grades, just to ensure the schools success. Paragraph 5 = From a structural-functionalist perspective, you realize that by the game of basketball, you can build friendships easily just by having something in common like loving the game. You also notice how job opportunities can be given by playing the sport or becoming a trainer in the game and help the athletics stay in shape. By having more job opportunities, it expands the economy. From a young age, basketball can not only help you academically, but help you get into colleges. Paragraph 1 = the 3 paradigms Paragraph 2 = friendships are built thru basketball. Gyms, reck team, common love for a team or player Paragraph 3 = the job oppurities basketball given. The NBA, other internation leagues, or becoming a trainer for a basketball player Paragraph 4 = academic level for basketball. Its good for high school students. College universities rather have good skills and bad in brain.

87 Advanced Business Writing Tips [That Actually Work]

87 Advanced Business Writing Tips [That Actually Work] I'm excited to share these top87 business writing tips with you. They were honed while I studied English Literature and Rhetoric, taught writing at the university level, and workedwith thousands of individuals and hundreds of companies to help people write better at work. Many of these tips come directly from our award winning online business writing courses. My hope is these tips help you enjoy writing, better communicate at work, get ahead in your career, and grow your business! Jump to a section This is a huge list with 87 of the best business writing tips. Use these links to jump to a section: PLANNING AND PROCESS TIPSFORMATTING TIPSLANGUAGE TIPSEDITING TIPSGRAMMAR TIPSBUSINESS WRITING TOOLSINFOGRAPHIC 1. Know Your AudienceBusiness writing is all about your reader. Your reader is your focus point, not what you know. 2.Prime Questions Before you write anything, ask yourself these two questions:1) Who is my reader?2) What do I want this reader to know or do?If you can’t answer these two questions, stop. Don’t write the document because it has no purpose. PLANNING AND PROCESS 3.Think FirstBusiness writing is just as much about thinking as it is about writing. 4.Most Time is PlanningYou should spend approximately 50% of your time planning a business document or email. 5. Drafting is EasyDrafting a document is the easiest part and should require approximately 20% of your time. 6. Editing TimeAllocate 30% of your time to editing. 7. Plan First, Then DraftAccept that you want to draft more than you want to plan a document or email. Everyone does. Drafting gives us a (sometimes false) sense of accomplishment. And, drafting is easier than planning. 8. Woody Allen is Right about WritingWoody Allen calls the planning portion of writing the â€Å"pace the floor† part. If you are an analytical thinker, which many business writers are, this is natural for you, but accept that sometimes it makes your brain hurt as your mind has to figure out all the interconnections. 9. Concept Maps are Essential for Business WritersMapping the structure of a complex document will make both planning and drafting much easier. 10. Develop HeadingsWhen you plan your documents, write a heading for each main section of your document. Don’t worry about the wording of the heading as you are planning to document, but verify that you can encapsulate the content of that section into a heading. If you can’t, your content is murky so fix it now before you waste time trying to edit the language when the real problem is disorganization. 11. Start Where It's EasiestYou don’t have to begin writing a document or email at the first sentence. The first sentence is often the hardest sentence to write. Instead, look at your document headings and write the section that is easiest or most interesting for you. Once you begin writing, the interconnectivity of thoughts will ignite, and the rest of the document will be easier to write. 12. How to Jump in and OutIn real life, business writers don’t have the luxury of a half-day of uninterrupted writing time. To maximize your efficiency, refer to the map or outline you created, decide which section you can tackle in the time you have and start drafting. Having a map and headings will prevent you from having to re-engage your thinking all over again each time you exit and enter the document. 13. Back Up When You Get StuckThe best recommendation given to meduring my years of rhetorical studies was: â€Å"The secret of writing is knowing when to back up. Don’t try to edit and polish before something is fully drafted. Don’t try to draft before your thoughts are clear. When you get stuck, back up!† As a business writer, this has saved me lots of frustration. 14. Hire a CoachHire a business writing coach and receive personalized feedback. One-on-one sessions will help you gain confidence in your writing. FORMAT TIPS 15. Paragraphs Seven Lines or Less Online In email or other documents that will be read online, be certain your paragraphs aren’t longer than seven lines. (Lines, not sentences.) Any longer than that and readability studies show that your readers just see a big block of text and jump over it. 16. Dangling Expressions are Funny but Avoid Them Dangling expressions commonly creep in documents in bullets and when copying and pasting. Example:David Corcoran wrote the project plan while traveling to Atlanta on the back of an envelope.(Who knew one could travel on an envelope?) hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'bf4ee473-8e6b-46bf-b9e3-368d74d60b44', {}); 17. Use Regular Words to Avoid Non-Sexist WritingAvoid awkward non-sexist constructions like his/her and s/he. Instead, write out the actual words - his or her. 18. Headings Will Allow Your Readers to Scan EasilyUsing headings in email to highlight the organization will allow readers to scan the email more efficiently. 19. Make it Easy for Your Reader to ScanAdd white space to your documents by usingnumbered and bulleted lists. 20. Use Format to Indicate HierarchyIndent paragraphs to visually indicate it is a subset of the information above. LANGUAGEBEST PRACTICE TIPS 21. Write to Express, Not to ImpressIn business writing, your goal is to easily transmit ideas and information, not to flaunt a big vocabulary. 22. ConciseWriting is Skilled WritingConcisewritingis harder to craft thanwriting that has no length limit. Blaise Pasqual stated, "I apologize for the length of my letter. I did not have time to make it shorter." 23. Use Short WordsI’ve long admired Richard Lederer’s writing on language. In his 1991 book, The Miracle of Language, Lederer sings the praises of the short word: When you speak and write, there is no law that says you have to use big words. Short words are as good as long ones, and short, old words- like sun and grass and home- are best of all. A lot of small words, more than you might think, can meet your needs with a strength, grace, and charm that large words do not have. Two tips on clarity I always highlight in ourbusiness writing courses: Never use a big word when a small word will do. Any time a word is not truly needed, cut it. 24. Use Staccato Short Words to Grab AttentionTo grab your reader’s attention at pivotal moments in a document, such as the recommendation or conclusion, deliberately shift one or two sentences to all single-syllable words. A break in varied syllable length has the same effect on reading a document that staccato notes have when listening to music. The short, staccato words subconsciously alert your reader that something has shifted, causing them to pay more attention. 25. Winston Churchill WisdomWinston Churchill wisely stated, â€Å"Big men use little words, and little men use big words.† 26.Verbs = Energy Verbs are the pivot point of a sentence. Strong verbs have real punch. Compare: The famous strong verb example by Julius Caesar: â€Å"Veni, vidi, vici.† I came, I saw, I conquered. Business-speak: I was in attendance, and I conducted a review of the situation and culture, and I made recommendations for acquisition. 27. Use PreciseVerbsTo bring clarity to your writing, use preciseand evocative verbs. Business writers tend to muddle verbs because imprecise verb use is so common in business writing that it sounds normal to our ears. 28. Don't Smother VerbsA common clarity problem in business writing is â€Å"smothered verbs,† which are verbs that were changed to nouns (called â€Å"nominalization†). For example, the verb decide is nominalized into the noun decision. These nominalized verbs require helping words around them that smother their impact, muddle the clarity of a sentence, and increase sentence length. 29. Verbs Used Right Bring ClarityEnhance clarityby using a specific verb, instead of a smothered nominalized word.Example:The core verb in this sentence is â€Å"decide:"We need to make a decision about hiring either Kevin or Kira. - smothered verbWe need to decide about hiring either Kevin or Kira. - unsmothered verb 30. How to Cut 20% - 25% of BloatCutting smothered verbs reduces document length by 20-25% in most business documents. None of the smothering words have any value. Unsmothering verbs is a very powerful clarity technique. 31. "Take" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word take near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If take is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We need to take the data findings into consideration if we expand the product line.We need to consider the data findings if we expand the product line. 32. "Give" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the wordgive near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If give is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:Let me give consideration to your muddled writing. Let me consider your muddled writing. 33. "Have" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word have near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If have is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:I have a suspicion some of your verbs are smothered.I suspect some of your verbs are smothered. 34. "Make" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word make near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If make is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We promise to make an adjustment to your account by tomorrow.We promise to adjust your account by tomorrow. 35. "Conduct" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word conduct near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If conduct is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We’ll need to conduct a review of the data before the decision can be made.We’ll need to review the data before deciding. (Two smothered verbs corrected.) 36. "Come" Near a Verb is SmotheredWatch out for the word come near the verb in a sentence or sentence clause. If come is next to a verb or nominalized verb phrase, it is smothered. Example:We came to the conclusion that prices had to increase.We concluded that prices had to increase. 37. ":Are we in agreement that clarity matters?Do we agree that clarity matters?Extend an invitation to Karen and Sunita.Invite Karen and Sunita. 38. Avoid Wimpy VerbsAvoid wimpy verbs that need a helping word to enable the verb to do its job in the sentence. Example:Dolores walked into the room slowly and quietly with her head averted, hoping no one would notice she was late.Dolores slinked into the room, hoping no one would notice she was late. Evan planned and worked on the technical aspect of the project plan.Evan engineered the project plan. 39. Avoid RedundancyAvoid redundant verb modifiers.Example:Damian shouted loudly at Clarrisa after she missed the deadline. Damian shouted at Clarrisa after she missed the deadline. (Shouting, by definition, is loud, so no modifier is needed.) 40. Don't Start Sentences with "There is" or "There are."Weak sentences frequently start with â€Å"There is† or â€Å"There are.† Instead, cut to the chase. Find the real subject and start there.Example: There was a strong disagreement between the divisions about the reorganization structure.The two sides strongly disagreed about the reorganization structure. 41. Active Voice is Better than Passive VoiceActive voice is more dynamic and lively than passive voice, typically. 42. Use Reader:We have decided to upgrade the features of our training course.You will automatically receive updated features in your training course. 43. Avoid JargonJason Fried, the CEO of 37 Signals, stated: â€Å"Jargon is insecurity.† I agree. So often, I hear people within an organization parrot each other with phrases that have been used so much they have become meaningless. Examples: Lots of moving parts Give 110% Synergy Think outside the box Tiger team View more jargon examples to avoid Bonus Tip: You can also use our free Jargon Grader to check your writing for over 700 jargon words and phrases. 44. Be Polite. It Echoes.Everything we write at work has a larger echo. This echo is both a worry and an opportunity to advance your career. For example, you may have to deny a funding request to present research at a conference, but the larger echo requirement is maintaining the drive to innovate and research at your company. Don't win a battle and lose the war. 45. Own Your WorkAvoid â€Å"I think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I suggest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I wonder if we should†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Instead, confidently write â€Å"I recommend...† or omit the â€Å"I† lead statement and simply write â€Å"Merge the divisions.† 46. Use Standard Grammar, Even When ChallengingSubjects and verbs need to agree in number. In an attempt be non-sexist, some business writers recommend writing, â€Å"Each person did their work quietly.† Each is singular. Their is plural. It’s grammatically incorrect. 47. How to Dodge Awkward His or Her DilemmaTo dodge the awkward his or her dilemma, shift the subject to plural when possible:A manager is trained to support his or her employees.Managers are trained to support their employees. 48. The Right Amount of InformationHelps the Reader and WriterA little extra information provided can resolve repeated questions:As noted on page four of the instruction booklet, photocopying on both sides requires two steps. 49. Equal Respect MattersUse consistency naming people. Mr. Jones and Arlene Kelly should be referred to consistently as David Jones and Arlene Kelly or as Mr. Jones and Ms. Kelly. 50. Avoid ExclusionaryWordsUse neutral job titles that do not imply gender - chairperson, not chairman or chairwoman. 51. Confident Tone TipTo instill a confident tone to your writing, shorten your sentences and avoid the common overuse ofâ€Å", and† in sentences. Which statement sounds more confident to you?Training with us is easy, and you can hand us the job and just walk away. You won't worry about a thing, and you can get back to what you do best. Relax knowing your project is moving seamlessly to completion, and you can simply calculate the savings.ORTraining with us is easy. Hand us the job and just walk away. You won't worry about a thing. Get back to what you do best. Relax knowing your project is moving seamlessly to completion. Simply calculate the savings. Do you hear the difference in confident tone? The second statement sounds much less out-of-breath or desperate to please and more confident and competent. It is calmer and assuring. 52. Take A CourseContinue to hone your skills by taking an effectivebusiness writing course. A structured course can help you develop effective business writing techniques [Learn More]. BUSINESS WRITING TIPS FOR EDITING YOURWORK 53. An Exclamation Point is Already SuperlativeNever use more than one exclamation point at the end ofa sentence. When I studied rhetoric in graduate school, my favorite professor shared this funny statement about using too many exclamation points in general.â€Å"Too many exclamation points make a document feel as if it has been written by an unfocused over-caffeinated cheerleader.† 54. Use Clear Words Rather thanEmphasis PunctuationExclamation points are often used in business writing to generate enthusiasm when the real problem is imprecise information. More accurate, clear information will generate reader engagement far better than trying to spice a murky document with exclamation points. 55. Editing First StepThe first step in editing is verifying that content matches reader needs - not too much, and not too little. 56. Editing SecondStepThe second step in editing is making sure the document is as easy to scan as possible. Add headings, bullet lists, appropriate bold text, and lots of white space. 57. Editing ThirdStepThe third step in editing is correcting grammar, sentence structure, and eliminating bloat. 58. Break Paragraphs FrequentlyEverynew thought needs a new paragraph. When in doubt, break the paragraph. 59. Paragraph Length is VariedA one-sentence paragraph is both correct and emphatic. Don't be afraid to write a one-sentence paragraph. 60. Designate an Editor for Group DocumentsWhen a group writes a document, designate one writer as the final editor to ensure a coherent voice. 61. Planning Eases EditingIf you are spending too much time editing, you probably rushed theplanning of yourdocument. 62. Editing Can'tCompensate for Poor PlanningEditing should need a dusting, not an editorial massacre. 63. How to Proofread a Colleague's DocumentIf a colleague asks you to edit their document, you must ask them about both the purpose of the document and about the audience. Without this information, you can only clean grammar. 64. PunctuationMattersA woman without her man is nothing.A woman: without her, man is nothing. GRAMMAR TIPS AND TRICKS FOR BUSINESS WRITING 65. #1 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe most common grammar error we see in client writing during business writing training is fused or run-on sentences. 66. #2 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe second most common grammar error we see in client writing is sentence fragments. 67. #3 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe third most common grammar error we see in client writing is hyphen errors. 68. #4 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe fourth most common grammar error we see in client writing is me, myself, and I errors. 69. #5 Most Common Business Grammar ErrorThe fifth most common grammar error we see in client writing is introductory clause comma errors. 70. Grammar Errors are IndividualEveryone makes different grammar errors. Therefore, to improve grammar, the first step has to be an accurate diagnosis of an individual’s entrenched grammar errors. 71. Wide-Ranging Grammar Training Won't HelpA review of many grammar rules is ineffective in actually improving business writing sentence structure. More effective is focusing on what is incorrect. 72. Best Grammar ResourceBy far, the best grammar resource on the Internet is Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab. It includes explanation and exercises. 73. Best Grammar AnalysisGrammar Girl is an excellent resource for current grammar use and rationale. 74. Best Business Grammar ResourceInstructional Solutions’ Business Grammar category in their Business Writing Info blog is an excellent resource for business-specific grammar use. 75. Oxford Comma Yes or NoGrammarians will never agree about whether or not to use the Oxford Comma (also called a Serial Comma.) I recommend that business writers use it because of consistency and clarification advantages. 76. Grammar Rules are InflexibleGrammarianswho believe a grammar rule should never be broken are called prescriptivists. 77. Grammar Rules are FlexibleGrammarians who believe language is more flexible, and grammar rules may be broken, are called descriptivists. 78. My Recommendation on the Prescriptivist vs. DescriptivistDivideIn business writing, it’s best to stick with established grammar rules because a client or potential customer could see what they perceive as an error and believe your work is simply sloppy. USE ABUSINESS WRITING TOOL For all the best business writing tools check out our full article here. 79. Best Grammar and Editing ToolGrammarly is our top business writing tool recommendation. Use it as the last check before you send anything. It will also detect plagiarism. Don't forgetplagiarism applies to text as well as images. 80. Cut the Bloat ToolHemingway is a free app that detects bloat in your writing. 81. Best Tool You Already HaveMicrosoft Readability Measurement Tool, already embedded in Word and Outlook, provides helpfulbusiness writing clarity measurements. Grammarly is better. 82. Tone AnalyzerTone Analyzer assesses the tone of your business writing. 83. Jargon DetectorUnsuck It is a rude, but useful, tool that assesses business writing jargon. 84. Free Concept Mapping ToolFreemind is free mind mapping software that is very easy to use. 85. How to Easily Learn Concept MappingThis tutorial will teach you to use Freemind in ten minutes. 86. Hire the Better Writer In his insightfulbook, Rework, Jason Fried stated: All things being equal, hire the better writer. Good writers know what to include and what to omit. They understand people and motivation. They can express complex information in a way it can be shared. Whether the position is sales, engineering, software development, or HR, always hire the better writer. I agree with Jason Fried. However, business writing is a skill that can be honed. Since 1998, my company, Instructional Solutions, and I have helped thousands of individuals and hundreds of companies write better at work. 87. Subscribe to Our Blog We wanted to add one last tip! If you liked this article you can subscribe to our blog here. We often write articles focused on helping you become a better professional writer. That's the list! If you have a tip that I missed please comment below! I would love to hear what tips you have! Bonus: 19 Actionable Writing Tips Infographic: