Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks EssayIn 1971, Starbucks was founded on a love for coffee and 42 years by and by you can still go in and expect the same delicious cup of steaming hot coffee from your local store, served to you from a friendly face. Starbucks tutelage is to inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Today, with more than 18,000 stores in 62 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retail merchant of specialty coffee in the world. And with every cup, we strive to bring both our heritage and an exceptional attend to life. (http//www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage). They offer the crush roasted coffee, handcrafted beverages coffee experience products, excellence service and innovation, plus they are dedicated to produce a great coffee experience to customers. (Starbucks, 2011) The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze Starbucks organizational expression and the best form of organizational structure t hat best fits Starbucks with an emphasis on Job description and Job Specification for a Starbucks employee.I go away also try to determine the form of departmentalization that should be utilise, as well as whether centralization or decentralization of power should be used in light of the recent financial struggles theyve had. Lastly, I will attempt to determine which organizational configuration best fits Starbucks. Job description is defined as a formal lists of tasks and duties and Job specification is defined as a list of eligibility requirements or qualifications needed to perform a job (Reilly, Minnick Baack. 2011). These definitions will be used in creating a position for a new employee.Job Description If you love coffee and helping people than you just might be gross(a) for this job At Starbucks, we strive to provide a much needed service in todays busy world. At Starbucks you can attain all about different coffee beans from all over the world and help in developing a gr eat make uping team. You will be trained in what it means to thoroughly enjoy your job, the people you work with in a clean and safe environment and to enjoy working with the best coffee you can imagine. Job Specification Develop a working knowledge of all products we offer. Maintain a clean and friendly store.Maintain a professional attitude and your composure should the store become busier than usual. Anticipates customer and store needs. Be Flexible with shifts and days that you can work. Starbucks should be using is departmentalization by geographic region. Starbuck locations are all over the United States. Starbucks uses a matrix configuration by combining divisional and functional structures. Divisional structure is used in multi-product or multi-market operations. Starbucks fall into this structure by having so many different beverages and items on the menu.When putting out so many different items one has to specialise in those items. Starbucks trains their employees to kno w every item inside and out. You cannot have one person who can make one drink and nit another. They use functional structure to stay organized activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. With 18,000 stores it takes many teams to stay updated of everything that is going on in the market. Starbucks hires people who specialize in market strategy to keep them on top of the market. The form should be changed in the stores that serve lunch because the structure of the work changes.It becomes more of a machine bureaucratism in that it is highly routine in making drinks as well as sandwiches and salads. When you have to repeat something many times you are working standardised a machine. Starbucks has decentralized authority because they created decision-making for each manager. T here(predicate) are also lots of stores around the world and each store has different from the authority, managers, and customers. This also allows for employees to be able to give their th oughts, opinions, and ideas. If the company uses their ideas they are rewarded.It also allows for the lines of communication to stay open between employees and managers which allows for a friendly working environment. Starbucks is making sure that it is here to stay. By surrounding itself and its team members with the best training and communication they stand out against all competitors. Yes, other will try to stand up against the causality coffee label but when it comes down to it Starbucks is finding new ways to stay at the top. With being in different regions they have created an evening air travel where you can drop in after work, with friends, after yoga, by yourself, after a long day or after a great day.The aliment is amazing. The wine selection is simple and smart (www. starbucks. com/coffeehouse/starbucks-stores/starbucks-evenings). Starbucks will change the structure of the business as many times as it takes to make it work for them. You never know they may create thin gs that work for them that do not work for other coffee shops.REFERENCES Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , Baack, D. (2011). The five functions of effective management. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https//starbucks. com https//starbucks. com/about-us/out-heritage.

Racial and Ethnic Identity and the feelings of Acceptance and Belongingness Essay Example for Free

Racial and Ethnic Identity and the feelings of Acceptance and Belongingness EssayEthnicity generally refers to a persons affiliation with a particular ethnic group, or to their sharing qualities, characteristics or customs of that ethnic group. Ethnic identicalness, on the other hand, has been linked to the sense of belongingness and designation of an psyche within a cultural group. The first use of ethnic identity in 1896 by French nationalist and scientist, George Vacher de la Pouge, was synonymous with racial identity which cogitates the natural and counterfeit cultural, psychological and friendly characteristics of a population. (Timble) According to Smith, Ethnic identity is the sum total of group member feelings about(predicate) those values, symbols, and common histories that identify them as a distinct group (Smith, 1991) Charlesworth (2000) maintained ethnic identity development to be an essential human need that provided a sense of belonging and historical contin uity and created a foundation on which to build a concept of self.On the other hand, Tajfel (1981) described ethnic identity as part of an individuals self-concept developed from intimacy of membership in a cultural group and the value or emotional entailment attached to that membership. However, moving to another community with different culture and ethnicity, like in the case of migration, compromises the maintenance or preservation of ethnicity in relation to the individuals belongingness to the majority. Parents of the next generation strengthen ethnic identity development of their children by ethnic socialization.Ethnic socialization consists of three themes 1) understanding ones own culture, 2) getting along in mainstream society, and 3) dealing with racism. (Steinberg, 1996) Racism and racial discrimination has long been a concern of the immigrants and their descendants. The inherent characteristics like skin color, language, religion are parameters in racial identity whic h sometimes lead to racial discrimination. Belongingness sometimes adapts the adage When in Rome, do as the Romans do which lose their own self-identity and ethnic identity. keep and preservation of ethnicity and original culture is subjected to a strong pressure of the host countrys culture. For example, language is an important issue for the immigrants. The influence of the communication speeds up to learn the host language that previously, the adaptation of language is in the third generation, now the trend is in the children of immigrants. The growing population and influx of immigrants face debates regarding Byzantine issues which dictate acceptance and belongingness of the immigrants to the host country.Prejudice and discrimination may be directed toward an immigrants status as a newcomer as swell up as against his or her ethnicity or race. In Europe, there is a growing concern on how the immigrants affect their culture and national identity which comes with common language, inheritance and ethnicity. (Cohen, 2000) Further queries give up been raised whether or not to absorb the immigrants and allow them to participate in their national activities or to allow them to become their citizen without the thorough knowledge of their culture and heritage.During elections, opposition to immigration is always an issue in some countries like Britain, Switzerland, Denmark, Italy and Sweden. (Cohen, 2000) Immigrants in some countries are also subjects of distrusts and fear. Opposition to immigrants often claims that immigrants have something to do with crimes and unemployment, if not low-wage jobs. Racial discrimination tends to set in which affects the acceptance of immigrants to the host country and if not properly addressed to by the government pull up stakes give negative effect to both the immigrants and the host country.Ethnic discrimination was identified by Garbarino (1999) to be one of the risk factors that contributed to youth violence. Rejection and e strangement from the macroculture experienced by many children significantly contributes to acts of violence. Consequently, immigration issues become the central topic for studies of different researchers and sociologists to minimize conflicts. (Garbarino, 1999) There have been clamor that immigrants are linked with social crimes in the host countries.This was contradicted by some researchers who conducted related studies. Based on the studies in Little Village conducted by the Harvard sociologist Robert J. Sampson, having high number of immigrants does not mean high number of crime. Though Little Village is poor, a relatively low incidence of violence is recorded. (Eval Press, 2006) At least, inacceptance and prejudices to immigrants and their children will lessen a second by the findings of the researchers done by these sociologists.

Case Analysis Of Dippin Dots Marketing Essay

Case depth psychology Of Dippin Dots selling EssayThe case summary of Dippin Dots utilizes tools such as Porters quin Forces Mode, Contingency Framework, SWOT analysis and Value Chain analysis to research Dippin Dots position. These tools have also been used to analyze its potential for the expansion of its prerogatives. From its inception, Dippin Dots has prided itself on beingness The Future of Ice Cream, but in recent course of studys the postgraduate society and the exertion as a whole has been relatively flat. This case will freshen up the issues as salutary as offer alternative solutions that might resolve around of the issues and issue recommendations that the company should consider.IntroductionDippin Dots is an nut clobber snack that was created in 1987 by Curt J unrivaleds. This product was created by a patented six tempo flash-freezing process that uses liquid nitrogen. Currently Dippin Dots is operating oer 400 exemption locations and is selling products s uch as ice puzzle out, wintry yogurt as well as frozen ice (Dippin dots, inc., 2011). The company is currently utilizing the commercializeing shibboleth as its ice cream being Ice Cream of the Future Dippin Dots Inc. is a privately traded company meaning they do non offer or trade its company stock to the public or in the stock exchange. This company also has global licenses that reach to 10 opposite countries outside of the get together States of America. Most of Dippin Dots be manu itemured at their headquarters in Paducah, Kentucky.Dippin Dots believes that through and through its flash-freezing the ice cream ingredients would lock in flavor as well as freshness (More info, 2011). The company is home to the nations largest -50OF commercial walk in freezer. The once patented company lost its freezing process patent in 2007 through a series of lawsuits. This patent was deemed invalid because Jones had made over 800 gross sales of the product prior to applying for the pate nt (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p. C209).Problem StatementGiven the case theatre on Dippin Dots Ice cream a hardly a(prenominal) problems have been identified. Firstly the company is confront with an issue of its previous customers becoming uninterested in the product. second Dippin Dots has seen a significant reduction in franchising total since the year 2000. Finally the company is no abundanter the hardly company who offers flash-frozen ice cream. every(prenominal) of these factors have contributed to the recent stagnant growth of Dippin Dots. Through extensive research several recommendations will be made in this analysis to address the antecedently mentioned problems that Dippin Dots faced.Strategic AnalysisContingency AnalysisDippin Dots is facing an issue of whether or not they should continue to expand both its franchises in the midst of a form market or should it continue to reduce its number of franchises that it allows to operate. Dipping Dots can also expand int o different markets with the almost popular being the in-home ice cream market which it has stayed away from in years past do to the shelf life of the product. The contingency analysis below will analyze the different market conditions scenarios and the contingent consequences and outcomes that the company might face.Market Condition Scenarios /Possible ConsequencesMarket Continues to flatten outMarket starts to grow/ Buyer spending increasesCut ass on number of franchises globallyCutting back the number of franchises will cut down some of the overhead expenses for the company if the market continues its trend of flattening outThis is the to a greater extent exchangeablely of the two scenarios.If the company continues to cut back on the number of franchises that it has globally and the markets grow then(prenominal) it might not be able to come up to the demand for that product which will hold back competition an advantage if they be better equipped.This is the less likely of the two scenarios.Keep number of franchises where they beThis scheme will be more costly than the option to cut back the number of franchises like it has been doing over the past several years.If the market starts to grow then this will be a profitable option. While this decision is profitable the company essential be cautious to not over expand in case the market shrinks again.Continue to expand in to different markets such as the in-home ice cream marketIf the market continues to react the way it is currently, this would give in a failure of entering a new target market.This new target market coupled with a growing market could usher to be one of the most profitable options for Dippin Dots.Value Chain AnalysisThe value chain analysis of Dippin dots is fairly typical. The different aspects that make up this analysis ar its franchising opportunities, finance department and pecuniary information, technical development, marketing and how it converts its traffic to purchasersF ranchisingDippin Dots, Inc. has very strict rules when it comes to its franchising opportunities. Dippin Dots offers two types of franchising opportunities an event-based opportunity and a transshipment center-based opportunity. In 2008 the initial franchise fee was $12,500 just to be able to use the name. This also came with an initial investment range that topped out close to a quarter-million dollars (Book, p.c208). The companies website gives extra criteria in which owners must meet before they can become a franchise. A few examples of the criteria includes the location has to be around great neighbors (beach, tourist areas, movie theatres or restaurants) and have great space ( good visibility, strong mixture of pedestrian and auto traffic, must be within 800-1000 sq feet and have appropriate signage) (Dippin dots franchising, 2011).FinanceDippin Dots is a privately traded company which makes its financial records and information on its financial department virtually impossible to predominate. While researching financial information and information about the finance department, the only relevant information that could be accessed was that the director of finance is Sheri Dikin (Dippin dots, inc., 2011).Technical Development (R D)Innovation has always been the driving force behind Dippin Dots, Inc. Their Research and Development departments are constantly looking for the next big thing. New products, such as Coffee Dots, are hopeful in the efforts of Dippin Dots to return to the top of the innovative throne.MarketingMarketing could very easily be a strong point for Dippin Dots. Each of the companies 400 franchises place % into the companies overall advertising fund (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p. C209). While most marketing it targeted at youth, one set of marketing techniques proved to be highly successful. One thing that consumer value is the approval from celebrities. In 2008 Oprah Winfrey had Curt Jones on her show to talk about the product and afte r she tasted it, she gave Dippin Dots a thumbs-up approval (Horovitz, 2009).Conversion from traffic to buyersThe bulk of Dippin Dots sales are based at what the company calls Fun Places. The organization classifies theme parks, major league sports venues and water parks (The original beaded, 2007). Dippin dots is also starting to be involved in on-line sales with the product being delivered in a cooler packed in dry ice.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsWeaknessesInnovative ProductBrand Recognition denote FundHigh PricesLimited places that the product can be soldStorage IssuesTarget MarketingOpportunitiesThreatsIn-Home ice-cream marketDifferent forms of Ice-creamCompetitors such as nipping Bites and Mini MeltsStrengths The prototypical strength for Dippin Dots is what made them famous, their innovative product. Dippin Dots has claimed to re-invent ice-cream (The original beaded, 2007). Innovation is has a great impact on consumers, especially when its based on a technology that hasnt been see n or used before. This was the case with the flash-freezing technique that Dippin Dots employed. Dippin Dots also has a brand recognition that gives them a slight advantage of its competitors. Being the market consider leader in high profile locations gives Dippin Dots a brand that is viewed hand in hand with Fun Venues. Any franchise of Dippin Dots must agree to give one-half of one percent to the general advertising fun. This creates strength because with over 400 franchises worldwide, Dippin Dots advertises globally instead of having each individual store be held accountable for its own advertising expenses. This allows for the company to be more unified in its advertising efforts.Weaknesses The first weakness of Dippin Dots is its extremely high outlays. Prices range from an individual Pre-Packaged Dots for $2.50 to a 2.5 gallon tub for $50.00 (Check out dippin, 2011). These high prices are an extreme weakness since the market for ice-cream products as well as an overall buyer downturn in America. Coupled with high prices, Dippin Dots is weakened in the locations in which they can sell their products. The product has to be served at sub-zero temperatures, -10 to -20 to be exact. This makes it underweightly impossible to be consumed unless it is near a retail location (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p.c205). This also causes storage issues. Because of the fact that Dippin Dots can only hold it shape for roughly 2 weeks any type of store is virtually impossible. This means that if they dont sell their product it goes to waste within two weeks. Target marketing is usually a good thing and it is the first step in creating a marketing plan. For Dippin Dots it was actually the opposite. Dippin Dots targeted a market that consisted of a younger demographic (The original beaded, 2007). Limiting your demographic, in this case, will also plant your profits. Some of Dippin Dots customers feel like they are being ignored and want something new to keep up with thei r claim of being the ice-cream of the future.Opportunities This case only revealed one opportunity for Dippin Dots. Based on one of the companys weaknesses, the move from solely an out-of-home ice-cream company to one that encompasses in-home as well could be very promising as well as profitable. Exploring this market would be difficult based upon the shelf-life of the product, but if Dippin Dots was able to fix this it would add a convenience factor to the marketability of the product. For instance, if you wanted to curb your lust for Dippin Dots at 2am on a Sunday morning, the way the company was set up in the case wouldnt allow you to get any of their products. If there was some way to enhance their product to where it could be bought and frozen in a household freezer, the product becomes that much more valuable and convenient. Also based upon the 2008 numbers there is an $8.9 billion on ice cream products that were strictly for at-home consumption (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p. c205).Threats Dippin Dots faces a few panics based off of the information given in this case. The first panic is the presence of different types of ice cream. Most of the novelty ice creams could be found at local supermarkets and at a cheaper price. This brings into question, how willing is the buyer to be loyal to Dippin Dots when it can get the other(a) types of ice cream wherever they desire. Secondly the competition from companies who offer the resembling flash-frozen ice cream is starting to become an issue. If companies like Frosty Bites are marketing its nitrogen frozen ice cream as The Ultimate Ice Cream emotion and the failed lawsuit to halt Frosty Bites production, it will be hard for Dippin Dots to contain as much of the market share as it currently has (Mehl, 2004).Five Forces AnalysisThe reasoning behind Michael Porters five forces analysis is to be a model for perseverance analysis. This is done on an industry by industry basis because different industries c an sustain different rates and levels of profitability. This analysis receives into consideration the variance in industry structures. Dippin Dots is classified to be in the frozen dairy farm industry.The layer of rivalryThe degree of rivalry in the frozen dairy industry is relatively high. Not only does Dippin Dots compete with other flash-frozen companies such as Frosty Bites and Mini Melts but they are also in competition with their more traditional counterparts. According to the yahoo directory, there are currently 43 companies who sell ice cream and frozen dairy products nationally, with more companies selling world-wide (Yahoo directory, 2011). This rivalry is fuelled by the availability of most products. Nearly every convenience store and grocery store that you go to sells multiple brands of ice cream or other frozen dairy products. Based upon a high buyer mogul companies in this industry must compete to have a quality product that its consumers must enjoy and offer it at the lowest price that they can.The threat of new entrantsThe threat of new entry for the frozen dairy industry is extremely low. There are several barriers to entry that a company must fight through in order to join the industry. Each of the eight sections that are categorized in the frozen dairy industry has different and high standards that are regulated by the federal government (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p.c205). Things such as different percentages of fat content, weight per gallon and package size make small companies with less cash flow for RD nearly impossible to be successful. High start-up costs are another determining factor as to why the threat of new entry is low. Porter says that one thing that would make threat of new entry low is if brand names are well-known. In this industry there are several known brand names including Dippin Dots, Good Humor, Ben Jerrys and Klondike.The threat of substitutesThere is a medium threat of substitutes. The frozen dairy industry is mostly consumed by the same consumers of other desert. If something was to go on with the currently flat industry, many of the consumers would be able to switch to items such as cakes and pies and other deserts. This makes the probability of product substitution high. With this being known the frozen dairy industry has to find more ways to make customers want the frozen dairy products over alternative dairy products. Currently there is also a trend of consumers heading towards a more health-conscious treats (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p.c205).Buyer effectThe buyer power for the frozen dairy industry is mixed. There are two types of buyers for this market, there are the individual consumers and then there are the retail clients. Individual consumers are more brand-conscious when it comes to this market, meaning that they look at the brand first before they look at the price. Retail clients are the opposite. While frozen diary is a multi-billion dollar industry, it does not ma ke up a significant portion of a food retailers business, which will increase buyer power and heighten price sensitivity at the same time (Ice cream in, 2008, p. 15). The buyer power becomes mixed due to the fact that the consumer still drives the retailers purchases based upon their demand.Supplier power overall the supplier power for frozen dairy products is moderate. In regards to large manufacturers there is a strong negotiating position and there is also an absence of fixed-term agreements. This makes for the cost of switch over suppliers and supplier power to be low (Ice cream in, 2008, p.15).The dairy companies are slightly larger than most of the frozen dairy product companies, and since the companies must put forward a certain level of quality the strength of dairy suppliers is relatively high.Alternative SolutionsUtilize the innovation that brought you your initial successDippin Dots must get back to doing some innovative things that brought them their success from the c ompanys inception. Curt Jones and the rest of his executive staff must make their products stand out at a time in which the market for frozen dairy is stagnant. Its recent efforts have shown that they are taking a step in that direction. In 2009 Jones mentioned that the company was going to try and take its innovative lead business a step further. Keeping the same flash-frozen technique, Jones has gone on record to say that he will be offering coffee dots. All you would need to do is add hot water and the consumer would have freshly brewed coffee. He has affectionately given Coffee Dots the same slogan as its ice cream counterparts by calling it The Coffee of the Future (Horovitz, 2009). Dippin Dots involve to pump money into its Research and development team to find the next big things that will help their company if not the whole industry out of the slump that it currently faces. Dipping Dots has made its money being forrard of the curve and without added funding to its RD other competitors may take that competitive advantage.Get rid of targeted marketTarget marketing in a business system is very risky. Targeting a certain market may be risky since it can hamper the organizations ability to quickly respond to changes in the markets condition and needs (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2009, p.252). With target marketing a narrow segment can be accessed less expensively through outlets such as the internet. Dippin Dots was targeting the youth which seemed like a good idea at first. The problem with targeting the youth is that they become older and then they arent targeted again. As seen in the case the adults who still purchase the product are looking for something different from the brand. One customer went on record as saying How can this stuff keep continuing to call itself the ice cream of the future? Well the future is now (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p.c209).Integrate more health conscious items to the companyFrozen dairy products arent considered to be the healthiest of industries. By definition ice cream must have at least 10 percent butterfat in it before the additions of its bulky ingredients (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2010, p.c205). In recent years there has been a trend towards a more healthy option for after dinner treats. Companies like Nestle and Haagen-Dazs have been offering a low-fat option since 2004. Coupled with the fact that the company needs to be more innovative, it must also become more health-conscious. With a number of consumers going to healthy alternatives such as frozen yogurt and smoothies, Dippin Dots must do something to ensure that they are not losing their consumer base. Increasing product differentiation will also allow them to reach out to a broader market. They must be careful not to go away from the product that made them so successful, but reach out to different markets such as the health-friendly market. Doing something as simple as offering a no-sugar product will show its diabetic consumers, who migh t not been able to eat the normal product, that they are concerned about them as well.Take no actionDoing nothing is always an option. This option poses the most risk for Dippin Dots. If the market continues to flatten out like it currently is, then Dippin Dots and the rest of the market could find itself in more trouble than they currently are. Many would agree that this reactive stance might not be the best stance in regards to growth, if the market continues in the slum that it is in Dippin Dots could potentially save itself a lot of money in the long run. This alternative may also allow for competition to move ahead if Dippin Dots sits back and waits for the market to improve.RecommendationsIn regards to the overall United States economy, it is recommended that Dippin Dots should continue its expansion efforts and extend its target market. Based off the above analysis there are a few steps in which Dippin Dots can forward motion the current problems faced with the following st epsFocus on creating a non- seasonal product that you can market equally year round. (Coffee Dots or Smoking Joes a good start)Keep innovative breakthroughs secret and ensure that all patents are filed correctly. This will hinder competitors from stealing ideas.Put the advertising fund to good use. Continue to signifier brand equity through the use of celebrities such as Shaq and Oprah.Switch slogan. Ice Cream of the future isnt as promising as it initially was.This approach will allow Dippin Dots to continue to have a competitive advantage with its innovative efforts through its Research Development departments. Currently Dippin Dots has brand recognition advantages over its competition but without working on some of its weaknesses one of the other competitors might close in on the market share.ConclusionThe frozen dairy industry and Dippin Dots has faced a reasonably flat market over the past decade. This has made the company reduce its number of franchises in every year since 2 005. Dippin Dots has also fluctuated on its position on Entrepreneurs Franchise 500 lists. Through careful analysis of the company and the industry I have illustrated a few alternative solutions for the company that might stimulate potential growth as well as made some recommendations that Dippin Dots should strongly consider. Since Dippin Dots is a privately traded company, its financial records arent made public. These financial records could have given more insight to the financial health of the company and could have yielded some other recommendations. One thing that became all told evident through this case analysis, Dippin Dots must continue to build upon its brand equity and sustain its innovative advantages over its competitors if it wants to stay relevant in its industry.

Challenges to HR Managers at British Gas

Challenges to HR Managers at British liquidChallenges to HR Managers at British gunman1.0 Q 1 . trading Environment is changing everyday and bringing newborn challenges to the HR Managers. What atomic number 18 the challenges forces by HR Managers at British Gas in the UK?Ans. With the increase in business enterprise competition locally and globally, organizations must become customer-focused to succeed. Therefore HR professional has to work out to become a strategic partner and a change mentor within the organization. In order to succeed, forgiving Resource must be a business driven function with a complete understanding of the organizations big picture and be competent to influence key decision and policies. In general the focus of todays HR Manager is on strategic personnel retention and talents development. And they will also promote and fight for values, ethics, norms and beliefs within the organization.In a 2004 Deloitte Research Study, Athey (2004. p1) noted that, org anizations in recent days suck up to deal with many external forces which influences the way they do business and how they develop and implement a business plan. Some of the external influences that impact an organizations business grooming argon government, natural disasters, terrorist threats, local and community, vendor, competitors, transportation etc. Therefore it is important for British Gas to have their business continuity plan. If British Gas able to do so then they nooky reduce their small and large unknown affect in their daily operations. That is why HR Manager of British Gas should evolve with the change in competitive market environment and realize that they must play a more strategic role in the success of an organization. So, in this global business environment crisis what figures of challenges are faced by the British Gass HR managers? In UKs market the companies like EDF expertness, EON energy, N power, Scottish Hydrogen are consistently competing with Britis h Gas. If these companies reduce their prices to attract more customers then it will be a challenging issue for British Gas. If this happens then, British Gas sewer reduce their prices at the same time manage their customers with quality run and make them happy with whirl both(prenominal)(prenominal) premium facilities. For doing this British Gas has to hire skilled employee and place them in a challenging position, Otherwise they might face the retention challenges.Secondly, looking at some political challenges like regulation of counter policies country tax Since the upstanding world saving is unstable and to make some positive changes in UKs economy govt. might impose some extra taxes to the big companies like British Gas. And if this is happen then British Gas management might think closely to reduce their workers salary or layoff some workers. thence how to plan the HR competency towards British Gas employee then? Then again some complaisant factors like attitude of workers towards the management is a trouble. Example workers are not giving their best effort, may be they are emotional or not satisfied with their job. Sometimes the workers bring their family problem in work. So how the HR manager will handle these issues? Then again, when British Gas hire employee from varied culture sometimes the hired people dont know the English very easy but they have the competency of holding the offered position. So its a kind of challenge for HR manager that which railings are given to the employee and how that employee will be fitted to the specific position. A part of that, every single day new technologies are coming up. So how the British Gas HR will fit the workers with their new technologies, which procreation they can provide to the workers then? Then the late ages workers are not that skilled of using the technical plys but they are well efficient towards their manual whole shebang. Thus how HR will fix this problem. According to Cox, (1993 ) suggests that a HR Manager needs to change from an ethnocentric view (our way is the best way) to a culturally relative perspective (lets take the best of a variety of ways). This shift in philosophy has to be ingrained in the managerial framework of the HR Manager in his/her planning, organizing, clueing and controlling of constitutional imagerys. Now we should look forward to how globalization changes the HR policies and a part of that, what kind of challenges are facing by the HR Managers. So globalization can be defined based on ongoing political, economical, social and technological issues and with the help of these issues business environments have been greatly changing from last few decades. Thus organizations are required to respond in a strategic manner to the changes in order to survive and progress in this competitive world. And for surviving well into the market the HR manager should be integrated with the scheme and strategic need of the firm. Then HR policies sho uld ad simply, accepted and used by line managers and employee as part of their daily work. According to the above statement, the British Gas has already focused on macro based oriented, productive, and long precondition goals. Nowadays Human Resource function faces many challenges during the globalization attend to, including creating global mind-set within the HR group, creating practices that will be consistently applied in different locations era also maintaining the various local cultures and practices and communicating consistent corporate culture across the entire organization. In this circumstance British Gas Managers should meet these challenges and the whole organization should consider the HR personnel not as just the administrative service but as a strategic business.As an expanding business of British Gas, HR managers will face some problems like Health Safety policies, EU regulations, huge demand for quality service to the customers. Therefore British Gas can devel oping wellness safety policies by conducting risk assessments which indentify hazards, carrying out health safety audits and inspections, implementing occupational health programs, managing stress, preventing accidents, communicating with employee about the health safety practices etc. And for fulfilling the customer demand, those who are working for British Gas needed more technical training, people skills training. And the HRD of British Gas also can come up with some global training programs like Cross cultural technology transfer, international protocol and presentation, Language training etc. If British Gas trains their employee with a global perspective then the practised employee shall be improving job satisfaction and retention of overseas staff and enabling a newly assigned employee to communicate with colleagues abroad. These kinds of training will not only help them to develop their skills and knowledge but also work as motivational and building block to organizationa l success.Q2. Comment on how HR activities contribute to the success of British Gas. Use any 2 HRM Models to explain your answer.Ans. Nowadays telling and efficient HRM is a big challenge to all HR professionals. And the sole purpose of HR is to help humans via mediator between employees and employer. Thus British Gas has to determine what benefits they are willing to offer to their employees and what portions the association is willing to pay for those benefits vs. what they may mandate their employees to share costs in those same benefits. Since HR professionals are playing a very vital role for British Gas therefore its important to know that how the HR strategies align with British Gas business strategies. Since British Gas is a huge company and lots of technical workers are working with them thus in this company there is a need to attract, retain and motivate employee because it is heavily dependent on the knowledge base and expertise of the employee and such there is a need for building a kind of high performance culture based on a strategic mission. HR activities contribute to the success of British Gas in the following wayRecruiting both skilled and unskilled employee which have to go through the training and development called traineeship, which provides a way the new employee/recruit learns about the mishandle industry, gain relevant skills and qualification to ensure that organization objective to meet consumers high demand for quality services and competitive price for products and services.HR train their engineers throughout that career which ensure that its employees are kept up to date with new information and technology to enable them provide the best possible service.HR has strategy of retaining its people by offering a mix of financial and nonfinancial benefits. This is in line with the organization strategy. As well as the vertical pay and pension scheme also providing each employee the opportunity of buying shares in Centrica.From the a nalysis above, it is clear that we can say British Gas adopts 2 models, namely Fit model Holistic/dialogue model.Fit Model represent recognition of the importance of the people in the achievement of organizational strategy. Employees are seen as key in the implementation of organizational and HR strategy is designed to fit the requirements of the organizational strategy.British Gas uses this method to align their HR strategy with organization strategy also it aligns the interest of the workers (pension scheme, investment opportunity, development and training, salary interest)with the interest of the organizations (to maintain the competitive position the company has within the energy market, ensure returns on investment by making profit by share holders) end goal.Harvard Framework for HRMHarvard model (Beer et al) of HRM developed by Michel Beer, Richard Walton, Quinn Mills, they argues that human resource policies are to be influenced by 2 significant consideration, first, situa tional factors, second, shareholders interest. And Harvard framework also explains the significance of the HR policies in the organization which recognize external environment and refers that if its correctly used would lead to organizational effectiveness. It also can be used a good fit between organization environment and HR policies and it would lead to various element like employee commitment, cost effectiveness in product and services and congruence which are all covered by the Harvard model and the British Gas holds firmly these elements in dealing with its employee as one of its organizational objectives. The following elements will give us the idea that how the HR in British Gas apply this to the organization.Competence The HRM of British Gas has a policy that reflects to the organisational objective in pickaxe of their workforce. HR department not only continue about recruiting skilled engineers but also give attention to go through its assessment centre before appointin g an employee for his/her job, which can determine the core competency and life skill of that employee. Personal skills that are created an impact on the customers experience when someone is to work on the field. Core competencies involves team working, leadership skills, listening skills, problem solving skills, interpersonal skills(such as properly dealing with customers), motivation skills, innovation skills and responding to changes. These are crucial skills that can affect the way an individual fits in and works within an organisation and also important because these skills can determine the companys lose or gain more customers. And if British Gas loses then the customers will be shifted to their rivals. Commitment according to Bratton, John and Gold, Jeffrey (Beer et al Human resource management Theory and Practice second edition page 19). Refers, one way HR of British Gas can contributes to the company is that the employee are made to invest high interest to their work within the organization, which will give up two aspects First, it will enhance self respect and value, at British gas the HRM has a policy that counter on employees, for those offered a job, With Human resource strategy British Gas provides the job benefits including a market competitive starting salary and van from outset. And with British Gas development offers technical comprehensive training for all its engineers throughout their career by their training academy. And the training ensures that employees are kept up to date with new information and technologies and provide best services possible.Second, it will accelerate the employee loyalty and performance towards their work. When British Gas offers employee to invest in the company with having to their own shares in its Parent company (Centrica), also offering good pension scheme after retirement which increase the commitment of the job and good sense of responsibilities. And its the plus point of promotion to management level, which is a strategy of the HR in retaining its suitable people for promotion to higher role, because it needs managers to plan, organise and co-ordinate the teams of engineers.Congruence here it states that there must be agreement between and amongst various HRM policies and practises in operation. At British Gas HR need to keep in mind the fact that having a company policies of recruiting people from different background and sex as is seen in the case, the company in trying to meet with a enlisting process that is all humbling (being recognised by operation now, wining the prestigious award for inspiring the work force of the emerging, an award for women into science and engineering etc) must consider not just overall employee numbers but ensuring that it attracts and retain the skills that will be required within the business. British Gas managers articulate a programme of forecasting to collide with how oft the UK market for domestic gas service will grow and this helps the compan y to decide how many additional engineer they will require in the near future. Cost effectiveness At the same time HR policies must be evaluated in terms of wages, benefits, turnover etc. In this fragment British Gas HR implements its strategy that confront to the organisational strategy in developing and recruiting their employees to become capable and competent employees. And future managers can ensure the organisation turnover remains increasingly high and implement in their salary policy that is highly competitive. Thus, HRM knows it is much more cost effective to retain trained staff than recruit and train up new people therefore this strategy which is in line with the organisations strategy of minimising cost and maximising quality staff retain ship through offering a mix of both financial and non financial benefits helps the organisation achieve its goals.Lastly, looking at long term scenario, the organisation tries to differentiate between three levels social, organizationa l and individual. In organisational level increased effectiveness and ensure the survival of the organisation. By providing top-class service at inflict price to its customers and ensuring for a well define working environment, and also developing job training and a good pension scheme for it employee at the British Gas. At individual employee level the long term output comprises the reward receive by the workers for their efforts. In the societal level some of British Gas societal goals (employment and growth) are attained, offering exciting career paths for people of all backgrounds. This is how HRM at British Gas can achieve the success.Q3. Describe Recruitment weft Strategies that have been taking by British Gas to enhance organization performance?Ans. For British Gas workforce planning is essential because it analyze an organizations future needs for people in terms of numbers, skills and locations. It allows the organization to plan how those needs can be met through recrui tment, selection and give them proper training. It is vital for British Gas to plan ahead because the company wants to satisfy their diversity customers by recruiting socially inclusive workforce. It seems that their HR personnel are little too much busy with the recruitment and selection process to meet its future demands for staff. It allows a business time to train existing staff to take on new responsibilities and to recruit new staff to fill vacancies or to meet skill shortages. But due to the recession, many organizations including British Gas not willing to look so much on recruitment. Thus is this circumstance what are the strategies they are following in their recruitment and selection process.Recruitment strategies British Gas recruitment involves attracting the right of applicant to apply for vacancies. They follow some ways of recruiting people. They first looks at its internal talent plan to fill a vacancy. This is a process that lists current employees looking for a m ove within the same level or gets a promotion to the next level. Since they need to make happy extend customers thus they need to search people from the different regions peoples. So they can help their customers by offering different language, cultural value, norms ethics. They also emphasis on recruiting female engineers so that they can handle the female customers. This is just because sometime some female customers do feel comfortable to talk to the male one. And for some other external recruitment, British Gas advertises vacancies (like apprenticeship) via their specialist Sky channels like parliamentary project TV, radio, newspapers, DVD for schools and British gas website.Selection Strategies involves choosing the just about suitable people from those that apply for a vacancy, while keeping to employment laws and regulation. For British Gas screening candidates is a very important part of the selection process. This ensures that those selected for interview have the best f it with the job requirements.Ref The Challenges of Human Resource Management..The Challenges of Human Resource Management. 25th November, 2009

Explaining The Primary Purpose Of Taxation Economics Essay

Explaining The Primary Purpose Of Taxation Economics EssayTax is an enforced hirethat is charged on persons and plaquesby judicatureor its agency on aproduct,income, orservice. Despite many people complaining of making revenue enhancementation contributions to government, these contributions argon real important for the economy of a country. This is because these financial contributions are used by government for the implementation of various socio-economic development projects such(prenominal) as the construction of roads and bridges, schools, health facilities and provision of social services like national security, provision of salaries for civil servants including the police, the army, judges, doctors, nurses and teachers. However, to clearly understand the rationale behind government charging of taxes terms such as taxation, equity in relation to taxation, consider and mediate tax and sources of income, need to be clearly understood.Taxation mainly refers to the develo ped act in which government or its taxing authority (Such as Malawi Revenue Authority) actuallycollects tax from individuals and organizations. In Malawi, taxation is guided by some(prenominal) principles that are mostly highlighted in the Taxation Act and Amendments. The taxation principles emphasize that taxes collected should be just-enough to generate revenuerequiredforprovisionof essential mankind services, and that taxes must bespreadover as wide as possiblesectionof thepopulation, orsectorsofeconomy. Furthermore, taxes are enforced in a agency that facilitatesvoluntary compliancefrom individuals and organizations to the maximum extent possible, but also taxes must equally burden allindividualsorentitiesin similar economic circumstances. Adding to this, taxes do not favor any onegroupor sector over another.Equity in relation to taxation is another important subdivision that needs to be clear understood as far as taxation is concerned. The word equity centers on the fairness and justness of collecting taxes by government. Equity in relation to taxation implies giving as muchadvantage andconsideration to oneindividual or organizationas it is stipulation to another in similar economic conditions. This is a principle that taxes should be fair and should be based on different peoples ability to pay, and is usually relate to their income. Practically, it is expected that an individual that earns more income has to pay more than an individual earning a comparable lower income.Taxes are divided into two main groups of Direct taxes and confirming taxes. On one hand, the direct taxes can be said to be those paid directly to the government by the individuals or organizations on whom it is being imposed. Examples of direct taxes charged by the Malawi Revenue Authority include income taxes, such Pay As You Earn (PAYE), and as the name implies, is a tax on Income. Income, correspond to MRA includes the total amount in cash or kind received by or accrued to a pe rson from sources within Malawi, or deemed to be within Malawi. Another form of direct tax is tax based on wealth and this is based on the wealth of an individual at the insure of death and is sometimes called Estate Duty. On the other hand, Indirect tax, also referred to as goods and services tax, is a tax collected by an intermediary, such as a retail store from a person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the customer). Indirect taxes are computed in the cost of goods or services an individual or organization purchases. In Malawi an example of indirect tax is sales tax, which is a duty paid based on the esteem of goods or services that get down been purchased. Sales tax in Malawi is spangn as Value Added Tax (VAT). Customs duty is another form of indirect duties and is tax levied on the value of goods that have been imported into the country. Excise duty is also a form of indirect tax and these are imposed on selected locally manufactured goods to disco urage the economic consumption of such goods.There are a various number of income sources that are taxable from income an individual or organization earns, which is generally net income from employment, business and rentals. There are many sources of income but the most common are salary and wages, which is the kind of income that the majority of people have to deal with when filing their taxes and is what individuals earn from a job. Another source is self-employment income, which is any money that an individual makes outside a regular job from services rendered. For example, if an individual operates a home-based business, money from this endeavor would be counted as self-employment income. Another type of income that one may receive is interest income, and is the income one receives from putting money into a savings account.QUESTION TWOExplaining the Primary Purpose of TaxationTaxation is a means by which governments finance their expenditure by imposing charges on citizens and corporate entities. The main purpose of taxation is to accumulate finances for the functioning of the government machineries. All governments in the world cannot run its administrative office without funds and it has no such system incorporated in itself to generate profit from its functioning.In other words, a government can run its administrative mass up only through public funding which is collected in the form of tax. Therefore, it can be well understood that the purpose of taxation is very simple and obvious for proper functioning of a state. Taxes are charges levied against a citizens personal income or on property or for some specified activity. As such, one purpose of taxation is to increase in effectiveness and productivity of the nation as government is able to implement various socio-economic development projects such as the construction of roads and bridges, schools, health facilities and provision of social services.Another reason is that taxation assists in reducing c onsumption of unwanted goods. Taxes as such can be used as an effective tool to reduce the consumption of unwanted goods like alcohol. Higher taxes on such goods reduce the consumption as the price of the product will be very high for the consumers. Government also uses taxes as a way to protect local industries and as such make them more profitable. Increasing tariffs on imports and charging lower taxes to local products may boost the demand for goods and services produced by domestic industry. Taxes on imports, which are called tariffs, can be used by government to correct an unfavorable balance of payment situation by increasing the tariffs. This will result in imports becoming expensive and will cause a fall in demand for the imported goods.Explaining Five Reasons that Contribute to Non Compliance with Tax LawsNon compliance of tax lawscan be said to be a failure, learned or unintentional, of taxpayers to meet their tax obligations. This lack of compliance can be as a result of different factors as indicated belowA Rising or High Tax Burden Individuals and organizations will tend to be non compliant to tax laws when the taxes are deemed to be high as compared with the cost of living. In such a case taxpayers will tend to avoid payment of taxes so as to have a sizeable amount of money to be used in the purchase of different commodities.Lack of Knowledge on Tax Laws This take focuses on the unintentional failure of a taxpayer to comply to tax laws. An example would be a small or medium enterprise that does not know that it is required by law for their businesses to be registered and as such pay taxes. Further, taxpayers would like the actual location or requirements needed for them to comply.Complexity of Tax Laws unknowing non-compliance may also be caused by the complexity of tax laws, that is by the difficulty of keeping accurate records and the inability to obtain the information needed to comply. For example, low-income taxpayers who cannot reach to employ tax agents could face problems understanding basic laws and even routine mathematical operations and interpreting the tax tables may present problems.Tax outflow Tax evasion is the failure to declare taxable activity or income and this is a practice in the employment of the services such as consultancies, builders, plumbers and decorators. This intentional non-compliance requires the taxpayer to have some measure of understanding of the tax system.Weak Tax System This can also lead to intentional non compliance of tax laws as taxpayers are able to utilize loopholes in the tax system. As such, this encourages taxpayers to be non compliant as they are assured of not facing prosecution.

Human Genetic Screening Essay -- Genes Science Papers

Human Genetic ScreeningWhat is genetic blanket? Genetic screening is the scrutiny of cells to check for reliable kinds of genes, or for potentially damaging changes to those genes. It may be defined as a systematic search for persons with a particular genotype in a defined population. Genetic screening serves as an important adjunct of modern preventive medicine. The usual approach is to identify persons whose genotype places them or their hitspring at risk for genetic diseases. Such screening has the potential to lessen the devastating impact of genetic diseases. Genetic screening may be undertaken for research purposes unrelated to disease or the improvement of health. The National Academy of Sciences recommends that genetic screening is an appropriate form of medical c be only when certain conditions are met. These include (1) evidence of substantial public benefit and acceptance, (2) the benefits outweigh the costs (3) appropriate public education can be carried out (4) cog nizant consent is feasible (5) the means are available to evaluate the effectiveness and success of each step in the process (Blank, 1982). Some screening is aimed at the general population, while others are targeted at selective high-risk population screening can also be conducted at various stages of life. There are three principal types of genetic screening. (1) Newborn screening identifies serious genetic disease at birth, permitting prompt treatment to prevent mental and physical retardation. (2) fetal screening and prenatal diagnosis identify genetic disease in the fetus permitting selective termination of pregnancy and the opportunity to have children free of defects noticeable in uterus. (3) Carrier screening identifies individuals hete... ...5. Fost, N., 1993. Genetic diagnosis and treatment, American Journal of Diseases of Children. 147(11)1190-1195. 6. Knoppers, B.M., 1986. Genetic information and the law constains, liability and rights. Can Med Assoc J. 135(12)1257-125 9. 7. Markel, H.M., 1992. The stigma of disease suggestion of genetic screening. The Americal Journal of Medicine 93209-214. 8. Rowley, P.T., 1984. Genetic screening marvel or menace? Science 225(4658) Jul 13 138-144. 9. Waugh, D., 1994. The human-genome project and pandors box. Can Med Assoc J. 151(1)73. 10. What is genetic screening obtained from the WWW http/www.scicomm.org.uk/biosis/human/whatis1.html 11. The principles of genetics and heredity obtained from the WWW http/www.eb.com180/cgi- bin/g?docF=macro/5002/57/50.html&DBase=Articles&hits=10&context=allgra phType=1&indexremove=off0102

Montana :: essays research papers

MONTANA BY LARRY WATSON EXTENDEND REPSONSE.1) In his twelfth family, David discovers the pain of growing up- the fragmentation of the secure world of the innocent though the awareness of truths and realities more or less him. Discuss.ESSAYIn the text Montana by Larry Watson, it is evident that they 12 year old David is growing up. He is a typical 12 year old, loving outdoors, riding his horse, fishing, hunting and exploring (Quote page 23), but by the influences and family around him he has a painful, confusing growing up life. As David an only child, he was not the only one that is growing up. In a itinerary his family are still growing, learning from every part of past and present issues. Davids growing up has a lot of different influences. His father Wes is not a typically loving father. His fatherly love is harming David in a way to believe different in him and his egotism. Wes, Davids father, has a lot of responsibilities to cover, as he is the Mercer County sheriff. This m akes David believe to look after him self and be responsible in a way to show and prove his father, as he disappoints David. (Quote page 17) Even though Wes is the sheriff he is a quite and self-effacing male who puts him self down and this shows that he isnt the typical male stereotype of a Montana Sheriff. As the Haydens were well known and had heaps of power in Bentrock, David realises that he is respected because of his name, not because of himself. He didnt have to earn it. (Quote page 126). David becomes aware of this when he is going to the grocery store, and that the locals didnt know what was fortuity to his family of power. The citizens of Bentrock didnt know that his father had arrested his own brother for sexually assaulting his patients, and murdering Marie. (Quote page 127) David had shame over his family name. plainspoken, Wes brother and Davids Uncle, has a great influence on Davids growing up. Frank shows his heroism and successfulness and this makes David envy Fra nk. (Quote page 78) Even though David idolised Frank, his views changed within the text. After the truth about Frank and his patients David didnt like being alone with him. The thought his own uncle as a criminal. (Quote page 49) David changes his innocents when his is hunting and he shot and killed a magpie.